明初诗歌中的“元朝情结”——兼论明代文学的分期  

The“Yuan Complex”in Early Ming Poetry and the Division of the Ming Literary Period

作　　者：邱江宁 Qiu Jiangning

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学人文学院,杭州311121

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期103-115,236,共14页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“13—14世纪丝路纪行文学文献整理与研究”(17ZDA256)。

摘　　要：出于政权合法性的述求,明初统治者高调倡导“元正统论”,明初文人诗歌中的“元朝情结”与统治者的“元正统论”有密切关联,而明初各族属群体对“元朝情结”的表达,情形各异,特征复杂:明初上层精英对元朝的眷慕和上层贵族对元朝的猎奇情绪;元遗民群体对元朝的哀悼与伤怀情绪,这其中色目、蒙古族群及汉族文人各因明初的统治政策而表现出不同情形的感怀情绪;而明代普通士人的“元朝情结”甚至在明代中叶还隐隐若现。迟迟不能退去的“元朝情结”致使明代文学的真正更张迟至明嘉靖时期。一定程度而言,明初上层统治者及上层精英的“元朝情结”对明代文学的分期有着较为内在的深远影响。Out of the political legitimacy,the rulers of the early Ming Dynasty advocated " the orthodox position of the Yuan Dynasty" in a high profile.The " Yuan Complex" in the poetry of the early Ming literati was closely related to it.However,the expression of the "Yuan Complex" by various ethnic groups of the early Ming Dynasty varied and featured differently:on the one hand,the admiration of the elites and the curiosity of the nobles;and on the other hand,the mourning and sadness of the adherents of the Yuan Dynasty.Among those adherents of the Yuan Dynasty,Semu,Mongolian and Han literati expressed different feelings due to the ruling policy of the early Ming Dynasty.And the "Yuan Complex" of ordinary scholars in the Ming Dynasty even faintly appeared in the middle of the Ming Dynasty.The "Yuan Complex" of the Ming literati did not vanish until the middle of the Ming Dynasty,which led to the delayed expansion of Ming literature until Jiajing period(1522-1566) of the Ming Dynasty.To some extent,the " Yuan Complex" of the upper ruling class and elites in the early Ming Dynasty had an inherent and profound impact on the division of Ming literary periods.

关 键 词：明初 元朝情结 元遗民 土木堡事变 文学分期 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学] K248[历史地理—历史学]