文化生态的概念及其运用  

The Concept and Its Usages of Cultural Ecology

作　　者：高丙中[1,2] Gao Bingzhong

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学人文和社会科学高等研究院,北京100875 [2]中国音乐学院音乐研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《清华大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第2期168-174,238,239,共9页Journal of Tsinghua University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“全面推进文化遗产整体保护研究”(22AZD071)。

摘　　要：文化生态是一个由人类学家发展起来的社会科学概念,通过在小规模的原始人群中的经验检验后被越来越广泛地运用于大规模而复杂的现代社会。在过去二十多年里,文化生态成为中文学术中比较活跃的多学科概念之一,在运用上给人很强的混乱之感。我们在此尝试理出两种主要的运用方式:一是文化生态学的运用,通过在自然与文化的关系中寻找文化现象的生态原因来解释文化的发生及其变迁;一是社会科学多学科的运用,通过把文化的内部和外部的全部关系视为一种系统性的生态来整体呈现文化对象。前者采用生态的本来义,生态是指自然生态;后者采用生态的比拟义,生态是指自然、社会和文化之间有机联系的整体。文化生态概念的广泛运用可以被理解为以更强的物质性、在地性、实践性保持着文化概念在当代社会的活力。Cultural ecology is a concept of social sciences,which was originally created by anthropologists for studies of small-scale "primitive peoples" and then used more and more often for studies of large-scale and complex modern societies.About 20 years ago cultural ecology was used in Chinese academia and became popular as one of the multi-disciplinary scholarship,but its usages aroused very strong confusion.Here we try to find two major usages:One is a usage of cultural ecology which looks for an ecological cause from the relation of nature and culture to explain the origin and change of a culture;another is a usage of multidisciplines of social sciences which treats all the inside and outside relations of a culture as an ecological system and represent culture as a totality.The former takes the meaning of ecology per se,and the latter takes the meaning of ecology as a totality of nature,society and culture by an analogue method.The popular usage of cultural ecology can be explained as an effort to make the concept of culture active with strong materiality,locality and practicality in contemporary society.

关 键 词：文化 文化生态 生态系统 自然生态 文化生态建设 文化生态失衡 

分 类 号：G05[文化科学] C912.4[经济管理]