奶牛乳尿素氮影响因素及遗传参数估计的研究进展  

Research Progress on Influencing Factors and Genetic Parameter Estimation of Milk Urea Nitrogen

作　　者：张淼 赵秀新 薛光辉 刘燕 徐千雯 李建斌[1] 俞英[2] ZHANG Miao;ZHAO Xiu-xin;XUE Guang-hui;LIU Yan;XU Qian-wen;LI Jian-bin;YU Ying(Dairy Cattle Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250102;School of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;Shandong Oxy Livestock Breeding Co.Ltd.,Jinan 250131;Yantai Research Institute,China Agricultural University,Yantai 264003)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院奶牛研究中心,济南250102 [2]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,北京100193 [3]山东奥克斯畜牧种业有限公司,济南250131 [4]中国农业大学烟台研究院,烟台264003

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2024年第3期14-19,共6页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：十四五国家重点研发项目(2021YFF1000701-06);国家现代农业产业技术体系资助(CARS-36);山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2021MC070)。

摘　　要：乳尿素氮(Milk Urea Nitrogen,MUN)是奶牛生产性能测定(Dairy Herd Improvement,DHI)工作中常规的测定指标之一,其浓度通常用于监测奶牛营养状况,反映日粮能氮平衡、繁殖性能以及环境中氮的排放量。MUN浓度因个体和日粮构成而异,同时受多种因素影响。准确的MUN遗传参数估计不仅能够提高牛场经济效益,而且能加快奶牛的遗传进展,为选育优质奶牛提供理论依据。本文对国内外关于MUN的影响因素、遗传力以及与乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率、产奶量、体细胞评分等性状的遗传相关进行了综述,以期为MUN的深入研究应用提供参考。Milk Urea Nitrogen is one of the routine test indicators in the determination of Dairy Herd Improvement.Its concentration is usually used to monitor the nutritional status of dairy cows and reflect the energy nitrogen balance,reproductive performance and nitrogen emission in the environment.MUN concentration varies by individual and dietary composition,and is influenced by a number of factors.Accurate estimation of MUN genetic parameters can not only improve the economic benefits of cattle farms,but also accelerate the genetic progress of dairy cow,providing a theoretical basis for breeding high-quality dairy cow.In this paper,the factors in influencing MUN at home and abroad,the heritability,and the genetic correlation with milk composition indexes such as milk fat percentage,milk protein percentage,lactose percentage,milk yield,somatic cell score and other yield and health traits were reviewed,in order to provide references for the further study and application of MUN.

关 键 词：奶牛 乳尿素氮 影响因素 遗传参数估计 

分 类 号：S823.3[农业科学—畜牧学]