不同土壤盐分胁迫对棉花氮素利用效率及生长的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Salinity Stress onNitrogen Use Efficiency and Cotton Growth

作　　者：衡通 艾鹏睿 马英杰[1] 刘长江[1] 吴淼 刘振月 HENG Tong;AI Peng-rui;MA Ying-jie;LIU Chang-jiang;WU Miao;LIU Zhen-yue(College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业大学学报》2023年第4期333-340,共8页Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项(2022A02003-6)。

摘　　要：为明确土壤盐分胁迫对棉花氮素高效利用及生长发育的影响,本研究应用~(15)N同位素技术开展田间试验,设计土壤弱(2.0 g/kg)、轻度(6.5 g/kg)、中度(13.0 g/kg)和重度(17.9 g/kg)4种盐渍化水平处理,分析土壤盐分胁迫对棉花干物质量、总氮含量、~(15)N利用效率、生长指标及产量的影响。结果表明,当胁迫从土壤弱盐渍化增加至轻度盐渍化水平时,棉花干物质量、总氮含量和~(15)N利用效率显著提高,并且棉花茎与果实对氮素的吸收征调能力总体增强,当土壤盐分进一步增加至中度盐渍化水平时棉花干物质量、总氮含量和~(15)N利用效率显著降低;相关性分析表明,棉花~(15)N利用效率与出苗率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),土壤轻度盐分胁迫下籽棉产量最高,为6 456.9 kg/hm~2;中度土壤盐分胁迫导致幼苗生长以及40~60 cm土层棉花根系受阻,与轻度盐分胁迫相比棉花出苗率降幅33.1%,籽棉产量降幅37.7%。综合以上测定指标及产量,北疆地区合理的土壤盐氮调控措施应包括严格的控制田间地下水位、科学的进行机械整地和不间断的培肥土壤。In order to clarify the effects of soil salinity stress on the efficient utilization of nitrogen and growth and development of cotton,a field plot experiment was carried out by using 15 N isotope technology.Four soil salinization levels of weak(2.0 g/kg),mild(6.5 g/kg),moderate(13.0 g/kg)and severe(17.9 g/kg)were designed to analyze the effects of soil salinity stress on cotton dry matter quality,total nitrogen content,15 N utilization efficiency,growth index and yield.The results showed that the dry matter weight,total nitrogen content and 15 N utilization efficiency of cotton were significantly increased when the soil salinity increased from weak salinization to mild salinization,and the ability of cotton stem and fruit to absorb nitrogen was generally enhanced.However,when the soil salinity further increased to moderate salinization level,the day matter quality,total nitrogen content and 15 N utilization efficiency of cotton significantly reduced.Pearson correlation analysis showed that the 15 N utilization efficiency of cotton was significantly positively correlated with the emergence rate(P<0.01),and the seed cotton yield was the highest under mild soil salt stress,which was 6456.9 kg/hm 2.Moderate and severe soil salt stress caused the growth of cotton roots and seedlings in the 40-60 cm soil layer to be hindered.Compared with mild salt stress,the emergence rate of cotton decreased by 33.1%,and the seed cotton yield decreased by 37.7%.Based on the above determination indexes and yield,it is suggested that the reasonable soil salt and nitrogen control measures in northern Xinjiang should include strict control of field groundwater level,scientific mechanical soil preparation and continuous fertilization of soil.

关 键 词：土壤盐分 棉花 总氮含量 ~(15)N同位素 籽棉产量 

分 类 号：S287[农业科学—农业水土工程]