洱海西侧氮肥下渗对地下水氮素迁移的影响  

The Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Infiltration on Nitrogen Transport in Shallow Groundwater in the West Erhai

作　　者：赖美丹 曹广祝[1,2] 王仁敏 强毅 路艳峰[1] 覃荣高 LAI Meidan;CAO Guangzhu;WANG Renmin;QIANG Yi;LU Yanfeng;QIN Ronggao(School of Land and Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650031,China;Key Laboratory of Plateau and Mountain Geological Disaster Prediction,Early Warning,and Ecological Protection and Restoration,Ministry of Natural Resources,Kunming 650228,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650031 [2]自然资源部高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室,云南昆明650228

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2023年第11期135-143,共9页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42167052,41867031,42267063)。

摘　　要：农业面源污染氮素淋滤汇集补给地表水是造成高原湖泊富营养化污染的关键因素,研究种植区季节性变化的氮素淋溶对于缓解高原湖泊湖相沉积区农业面源污染对地下水-地表水氮素污染具有重要意义。该文通过室内柱实验方法研究新型水溶氮肥(硝酸钙铵)与传统尿素在不同施肥与降雨条件下的氮素淋溶变化特征。研究结果表明:在施肥期间新型氮肥(T1)会释放较多的NO_(3)^(-)-N,但其NH_(4)^(+)-N与TN的累积排放远远小于尿素(T2)。季节性降水对T1氮素淋失有一定影响,施肥期与降雨模拟期淋失的总氮素含量在雨季、旱季分别占施用总氮量的76.60%、81.97%,而对T2氮素淋失影响较大,淋失率分别为93.18%、87.95%。雨季洱海西侧降雨强烈且频繁,新型氮肥对传统尿素的替代将对农业面源污染有一定的减缓效果,湖相沉积层中发生的反硝化作用对氮素在浅层包气带中具有滞留作用。该研究对于高原湖泊周围湖相沉积区的农业种植施肥的时间及方式具有一定指导作用。The nitrogen leaching of agricultural non-point source pollution is the key factor of eutrophication pollution in plateau lakes,and it is important to study the seasonal nitrogen leaching in growing region to alleviate the nitrogen contamina⁃tion of agricultural non-point source pollution to groundwater and surface water in plateau lake deposit areas.In this study,the nitrogen leaching characteristics of a new type of water-soluble nitrogen fertilizer(calcium nitrate ammonium)and tradi⁃tional urea under different fertilization and rainfall conditions were studied through indoor column experiments.The results indicate that during the fertilization period,the new nitrogen fertilizer(T1)releases more NO_(3)^(-)-N,but its cumulative emis⁃sions of NH_(4)^(+)-N and TN are much smaller than urea(T2).Seasonal precipitation has a certain impact on T1 nitrogen leaching,The total nitrogen content lost during fertilization and rainfall simulation periods accounts for 76.60%and 81.97%of the total nitrogen application in rainy seasons and the dry season,respectively.However,it has a significant impact on T2 nitrogen leaching,with leaching rates of 93.18%and 87.95%,respectively.In the rainy season with strong and frequent rainfall in Er⁃hai Lake,the replacement of traditional urea by new nitrogen fertilizer will have a certain mitigation effect on agricultural non-point source pollution,and the denitrification in lake sediments has a retention effect on nitrogen in the shallow vadose zone.This study has certain guiding significance for the timing and methods of agricultural planting and fertilization in the lake deposit areas around plateau lakes.

关 键 词：氮淋溶 氮肥 湖湘沉积层 降雨 季节性变化 

分 类 号：X523[环境科学与工程—环境工程]