美国能源可持续利用现状及对中国的启示  

Development status and trend of sustainable energy utilization in the United States and the enlightenment to China

作　　者：胡健 Wu Sheng 邓西里[3] 孙海涛 崔景伟[3] 赵路正 HU Jian;WU Sheng;DENG Xili;SUN Haitao;CUI Jingwei;ZHAO Luzheng(Chinese Institute of Coal Science,Beijing 100013,China;Power Environmental Energy Research Institute,California 91722,the United States;Petrochina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploarion and Development,Beijing 100083,China;Chongqing Research Institute of China Coal Technology&Engineering Group Corporation,Chongqing 400037,China;China Coal Technology&Engineering Group Corporation Coal Industry Planning Institute,Bejing 100120,China)

机构地区：[1]煤炭科学研究总院,北京100013 [2]Power Environmental Energy Research Institute,美国加利福尼亚州917223 [3]中国石油勘探开发研究院,北京100083 [4]中国煤炭科工集团重庆研究院有限公司,重庆400037 [5]中国煤炭科工集团煤炭规划总院,北京100120

出　　处：《科技导报》2024年第4期6-20,共15页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05045,2016ZX05045007)。

摘　　要：世界能源利用进入“清洁、低碳、可再生”的可持续发展新航道。美国在全力确保清洁能源制造和全球领先地位,保障和实现国家能源安全稳定供给中努力形成能源可持续利用结构。能源结构转型已使美国温室气体排放总量达峰后持续走低,并下降至2000年以前水平,电力行业和交通行业碳排放震荡下降,美国可持续能源发电成本较世界其他国家偏低。美国能源可持续利用水平的提升得益于一系列政策法规、财政投资及经济市场等多方面措施的保障。美国政府的碳减排措施及各州政府的节能准则保障能源利用效率的提升;政府推动能源转型,促进清洁能源投资,并进一步推动清洁能源和能源税收减免;通过加大天然气领域的投资,促进交通领域电气化转型,以及修订车辆燃油经济性标准等措施推动可持续能源市场繁荣。美国能源的可持续利用现状显示,“能源利用过程的清洁化、能源利用类型的低碳化、能源获取方式的可再生化”为主导的能源转型方向将成为实现能源利用可持续性的发展趋势,全球可持续能源技术创新成为关键技术进步和竞争的阵地,国际能源转型过程中出现的多种困境显示,全球可持续能源利用的重要领域合作基础众多而广泛。美国与中国能源结构和能源转型中面临的形势与挑战相似,也有不同。中国能源转型将面临重要多重技术无人区,应从战略角度充分认识能源转型的长期性、复杂性和艰巨性,深入加强中国能源绿色低碳化转型的基础性、原创性、颠覆性技术的研究,推动中国能源绿色低碳安全转型。The world's energy utilization has entered a new sustainable pathway which is"clean,low-carbon and renewable".The United States tries to take the lead in developing a sustainable energy structure in order to ensure its global leadership in clean energy manufacturing and technological innovation,and ensure and achieve its national energy security and stable supply.Researches show that the total energy consumption in the US is gradually returning to pre-pandemic level and the energy efficiency is improving gradually.The transformation of the energy structure has caused the US greenhouse gas emissions to peak and continue to decline to pre-2000 levels.The carbon emissions of the power industry and the transportation industry have dropped dramatically,even with some up-going.The cost of sustainable energy generation in the United States is lower than that of other countries in the world.The improvement of the sustainable energy utilization level in the United States is guaranteed by a series of policies,regulations,financial investments and economic market measures.The U.S.government's carbon reduction initiatives and state energy efficiency guidelines guarantee the improvements in energy efficiency.The government promotes the energy transition,the investment in clean energy,and the clean energy and energy tax credits.The sustainable energy market will flourish through increased investment in natural gas,the electrification of the transportation sector and the revision of vehicle fuel economy standards.Sustainable utilization status of the United States energy shows the energy transformation direction led by"the cleanness of the energy utilization process,the low-carbon property of the utilized energy types,and the renewability of energy access way"will become the energy sustainable development trend,and the global sustainable energy technology innovation will become the position of key technology development and competition.Various difficulties in the process of international energy transition show that the bases fo

关 键 词：能源 化石能源 可再生能源 能源战略 

分 类 号：F426.2[经济管理—产业经济] F471.2