施氮对北方粳稻产量、品质及氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Yield,Quality and Fertilizer Efficiency of Ja⁃ponica Rice in Northern China

作　　者：姬景红 刘双全 马星竹 郝小雨 郑雨 赵月 刘颖 张明怡 暴帅 JI Jinghong;LIU Shuangquan;MA Xingzhu;Hao Xiaoyu;ZHENG Yu;ZHAO Yue;LIU Ying;ZHANG Mingyi;BAO Shuai(Heilongjiang Academy of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization/Key Laboratory of Black Soil Protection and Utilization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas/The Key Lab of Soil Environment and Plant Nutritio,Harbin 150086,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院/农业农村部黑土地保护与利用重点实验室/黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室,哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2024年第1期1-6,共6页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2301605、2023YDF1501305);黑龙江省水稻现代农业产业技术协同创新推广体系项目(【2020】1号)。

摘　　要：通过两年田间试验,研究了不同氮肥施用处理对龙稻18和绥粳18产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明,施用氮肥增产的原因主要是增加了水稻单位面积有效穗数和穗粒数。各施肥处理中,与目标产量施氮量相比,减施氮肥15%,2022年和2023年龙稻18和绥粳18两个品种水稻产量及产量构成因素均未产生显著差异,氮肥利用率分别平均增加了4.52%和5.51%;而采用控释尿素与普通尿素混合施用,龙稻18和绥粳18的穗数平均增加了19.8穗/m^(2)和20.9穗/m^(2),穗粒数平均降低了8.3粒/穗和6.2粒/穗,两处理氮肥利用率差异均不显著,但该施肥方式减少了追肥次数,节约了劳动力。施用氮肥增加了龙稻18的出糙率和整精米率,对绥粳18影响不显著;施用氮肥对两个品种的直链淀粉含量影响不大,显著增加了蛋白质含量,降低了垩白粒率、垩白度和食味评分。同等施氮量条件下,控释尿素与普通尿素混合一次性施用较普通尿素分次施用显著提高了水稻的外观品质,龙稻18垩白粒率和垩白度分别平均降低了1.59%和0.66%,绥粳18垩白粒率和垩白度分别平均降低了0.31%和0.13%,其他各施氮处理的加工品质、营养品质和食味品质之间差异不显著。The effects of nitrogen application on yield,quality and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of Longdao 18 and Suijing 18 varieties were studied through field experiments for two years.The results showed that the main reason for increasing rice production was the increase of effective panicle number and grain number per panicle.In each fertilization treatment,when nitrogen application was reduced by 15%compared with the applying amount of target yield,there was no significant difference in the yield and yield components of Longdao 18 and Suijing 18 varieties in 2022 and 2023,and the nitrogen utilization rate increased by 4.52%and 5.51%respectively.However,when controlled release urea was mixed with ordinary urea,the panicle number of Longdao 18 and Suijing 18 increased by 19.8 panicle and 20.9 panicle per square meters on average,and the panicle number decreased by 8.3 panicle and 6.2 panicle per ear on average.The difference in nitrogen utilization rate was not significant,but this method of nitrogen application reduced the topdressing twice and saved labor.Nitrogen application significantly increased the roughness and milled rice ratio of Longdao 18,but had no significant effect on Suijing 18.Application of nitrogen fertilizer had little effect on amylose content of the two varieties,but significantly increased protein content and decreased chalky grain rate,chalkiness degree and food taste score.Under the condition of same nitrogen application rate,controlled release urea and common urea mixed one times application than application ordinary urea fer‐tilizer in stages significantly improved the rice appearance quality,chalky rice percentage and chalk rice whiteness rate by an average of 1.59%and 0.66%respectively of Longdao 18,chalky rice percentage and chalk white rate by an average of 0.31%and 0.13%respectively of suijiang18,and other various nitrogen treatment processing quality,nutritional quality,and no significant difference between eating quality.

关 键 词：水稻 产量 品质 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511.04[农业科学—作物学]