不同叶龄期剪叶对春玉米籽粒灌浆及产量的影响  

Effect of Different Leaf-Cutting Treatments on Grain Filling and Yield of Spring Maize

作　　者：石生辉 王吉 朱敏[1] 李凤海[1] SHI Shenghui;WANG Ji;ZHU Min;LI Fenghai(Specialty Corn Institute,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110866;Liaoyuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Liaoyuan 136299,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学特种玉米研究所,沈阳110866 [2]辽源市农业科学院,吉林辽源136299

出　　处：《东北农业科学》2024年第1期19-26,共8页Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300700、2018YFD0300300)。

摘　　要：本研究以紧凑型玉米郑单958和半紧凑型玉米良玉99为试材,研究不同叶龄期剪叶对春玉米籽粒灌浆及产量的影响。结果表明,不同叶龄期剪叶处理生理成熟时间较对照推迟1~2 d。剪叶延缓生育后期叶片衰老,延长叶面积指数(LAI)高值持续期,有效提高功能叶SPAD值。剪叶可降低郑单958株高和穗位高。但对良玉99株高调控不明显。剪叶处理减缓了玉米的灌浆过程,但籽粒灌浆积累起始势均大于对照。不同品种不同叶龄期剪叶后的增产效果不同,郑单958在6叶期剪叶增产效果最佳,较对照显著增加9.09%,而良玉99则在3叶期或7叶期剪叶增产效果显著,分别增产4.65%和6.33%。相关性分析表明,单穗重、穗粒数与产量呈显著正相关。由此可知,剪叶能延缓叶片衰老,提高生育后期功能叶SPAD值,保证籽粒灌浆期较高的源叶面积,增大籽粒灌浆积累起始势,延长有效灌浆时间,使得成熟期籽粒质量显著增加,从而获得较高的群体产量。In this study,Zhengdan 958 and Liangyu 99 were used as experimental materials to study the effects of leaf cutting at different leaf ages on spring maize.The results showed that the physiological maturity time of the treatment with different leaf ages was delayed by 1-2 days.The results also showed that leaf cutting could delay leaf senescence,prolong the duration of LAI high value,and effectively improve the SPAD of functional leaves.The plant height and ear height of Zhengdan 958 were decreased by leaf cutting.However,the control of Liangyu 99 plant height was not significant.The leaf cutting treatment slowed down the grain filling process,but the initial grain filling accumulation potential was greater than that of the control.The results showed that Zhengdan 958 was suitable for 6-leaf stage.The yield was significantly increased by 9.09%compared with the control,while Liangyu 99 was suitable for 3-leaf or 7-leaf stage.The yield increased by 4.65%and 6.33%respectively.Correlation analysis showed that the weight per spike and the number of grains per ear were significantly positively correlated with yield.Therefore,leaf cutting can delay leaf senescence,increase SPAD of functional leaves in later growth stage,ensure higher source leaf area at grain filling stage,increase grain filling accumulation initial potential,prolong effective filling time,and significantly increase grain quality at mature stage,so as to obtain higher population yield.

关 键 词：春玉米 剪叶 籽粒灌浆 产量 

分 类 号：S513.04[农业科学—作物学]