恋爱期间财产给与的定性及处理  

Special Forum on the Rule of Law for Marriage and Family

作　　者：叶名怡[1] Ye Mingyi

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学法学院

出　　处：《东方法学》2024年第2期28-39,共12页Oriental Law

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“我国民法评注编纂重大问题研究”(项目批准号:22&ZD205)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：恋爱期间财产给与至少可分为四种类型:彩礼、普通赠与、为履行道德义务之给付以及基于亲密关系之特殊赠与。对于第四种,附解除条件说存在条件过于拟制、条件不适格、恶意促成规则难以适用以及法律效果过于刚性等弊病。在解释论上可通过弹性化其返还后果对其加以改造。在立法论上可借鉴德国无名给与理论,构建我国家事法上基于亲密关系之特殊赠与制度。《婚姻家庭编解释二(征求意见稿)》正式引入“基于婚姻赠与房产”之规则,宜进一步引入“基于亲密关系赠与房产”乃至“基于亲密关系之大额财产特殊赠与”规则。恋爱期间所赠大额财产的返还,应秉持比例原则,返还与否以及返还比例主要取决于恋情时长,并考虑分手原因、双方过错等因素。Gifts of property during a relationship can be categorized into at least four types:betrothal gifts,ordinary gifts,gifts in fulfillment of a moral obligation,and special gifts based on intimacy.With regard to the fourth type,the doctrine of conditional rescission suffers from the disadvantages that the conditions are too hypothetical,that the conditions are inappropriate,that it is difficult to apply the rule of contribution in bad faith,and that the legal effect is too rigid.In terms of interpretation,it can be reformed by elasticizing the consequences of its return.In terms of legislative theory,the German theory of giving based on marriage can be used for reference to construct a special gift system based on intimate relationships in China's domestic law.The Judi-cial Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Application of the Marriage and Family Book of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China(Il)(Exposure Draft)formally introduces the rule of"gifts of real estate on the basis of marriage",and it is appropriate to further introduce the rule of"gifts of real estate on the basis of intimate relationships"and even"special gifts of large amounts of property on the basis of intimate relationships".The return of large amounts of property given during a relationship should adhere to the principle of proportionality.Whether or not to return it and the proportion of return mainly depend on the length of the relationship and take into account the reasons for the break-up,the fault of both parties and other factors.

关 键 词：恋爱关系 财产给与 附条件赠与 为履行道德义务之给付 基于亲密关系之赠 与特殊赠与 

分 类 号：DF55[政治法律—民商法学]