论涉档案犯罪刑事司法规制现状及出路  

The Current Situation and Way Out of Criminal Justice Regulation of Archival Crimes

作　　者：李学良 LI Xueiang(School of Law and Political Science,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学法政学院,南京210044

出　　处：《档案学通讯》2024年第2期65-73,共9页Archives Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“个人信息权利行使的平衡机制研究”(19BFX127)。

摘　　要：涉档案犯罪案发总量少、罪名分布集中,部分案件定性存在较大分歧,个案间量刑差异较小,缓刑适用率高但适用标准不统一。涉档案犯罪数量较少的事实根本性地决定了将档案犯罪单独设置一节的建议欠缺现实依据,也存在浪费立法资源的问题。《刑法》第三百二十九条两款罪名实为规制涉档案犯罪的基本条款,在行为对象为国家所有的档案时原则上以该条款规定的罪名定罪处罚。当行为人窃取的档案不属于国家所有的档案时,应当以盗窃罪作为基本条款,判断具体案件中不法行为的罪与刑。区分档案的信息价值与物理价值,当国有档案包含国家秘密、军事秘密、商业秘密时,原则上《刑法》第三百二十九条两款罪名规制不法行为,除非其他罪名有更重的法定刑时排除该两款罪名的适用。明确涉档案犯罪缓刑适用的实质条件,将再犯的危险的区分为再犯的社会危险与再犯的人身危险,综合评价危险性要素。The total number of archival crimes is small,and the distribution of crimes is concentrated.There are great differences in the characterization of some cases,but the difference in sentencing between cases is small,and the application rate of probation is high but the application standards are not uniform.The fact that the number of archival crimes is small fundamentally determines that the proposal to set up a separate section on archival crimes lacks a realistic basis and also has the problem of wasting legislative resources.The two paragraphs of article 329 of the Criminal Law are actually the basic provisions regulating crimes involving archives,and when the object of the act is a file owned by the state,in principle,the crime specified in that article is convicted and punished.When the archives stolen by the perpetrator do not belong to the archives owned by the state,the crime of theft shall be used as the basic clause to judge the crime and punishment of the illegal act.Distinguish between the information value and physical value of archives,and when state-owned archives contain state secrets,military secrets,and commercial secrets,in principle,the two crimes of article 329 regulate illegal acts,unless the other crimes have heavier statutory penalties.Clarify the substantive conditions for the application of probation for archive-related crimes,distinguish the risk of recidivism into the social risk of recidivism and the personal risk of recidivism,and comprehensively evaluatetheelementsof risk.

关 键 词：涉档案犯罪 罪名适用 竞合犯 缓刑 

分 类 号：D912.16[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]