汉代的“田合籍”与“占田籍”  

"Tian He Ji"and"Zhan Tian Ji"of Han Dynasty

作　　者：王彦辉[1] 高佳莉 Wang Yanhui;Gao Jiali

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《历史研究》2024年第2期54-74,M0003,M0004,共23页Historical Research

摘　　要：张家山汉简《户律》的“田命籍”,应遵从据图版改释的“田合籍”说。“田合籍”的内容应是以户为单位,记录户人名下汇合统计的田亩簿籍。秦汉实行以“自占”为原则的财产登记制度。由悬泉汉简所见两枚木牍在占有田亩之后注记的“某某自占”可知,西汉武宣时期曾颁布过“占田令”。这一重要法令既体现了国家在土地关系变动中的主导地位,也意味着从国家层面正式确认社会个体对土地占有的合法性,汉初以来的国家授田制由此转变为“占田制”。随着乡级权力向县廷的提升,汉初以户为单位编订的各种簿籍相应化繁就简,“田合籍”的记录内容及书写方式亦当发生改变,或即悬泉汉简两枚木牍的样式,其簿籍性质可名之为“占田籍”。The"Tian Ming Ji"in the Statutes on Households from the Zhangjiashan Han bamboo slips should be"Tian He Ji",which was revised according to the picture."Tian He Ji"should be recorded on a household basis to document the aggregated fields and their areas under the names of the household.In the Qin and Han dynasties,a property registration system based on the principle of self-occupation was implemented.From the two wooden slips found in Xuanquan Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty,which noted"So-and-so occupied"after acquiring the fields,it is evident that during the Wu and Xuan periods of the Han Dynasty,the"Land Occupation Order"'was promulgated.This significant law not only illustrates the prominent role of the state in land relation transformations but also signifies the formal acknowledgement of social individual land ownership legitimacy on a national scale.This also marks the evolution of the state land grant system implemented since the early Han Dynasty into the"land occupation system'.As township authority expanded to the county level during the early Han Dynasty,the compilation of various household-based books was consequently streamlined.Therefore,both the recording content and writing methods of"Tian He Ji'needed to be modified.Or based on the form of the two wooden slips and the nature of this register,it can be named"Zhan Tian Ji".

关 键 词：汉代 授田制 占田制 编户民 基层治理 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学]