草莓连作根腐病原菌及根际真菌群落变化多样性研究  

Study on strawberry root rot pathogen and changing diversity of fungal communities

作　　者：王博申 张博源 张迎鋆 蒲一蕾 刘猛 刘娜[1,2] 马丽 张莉 WANG Boshen;ZHANG Boyuan;ZHANG Yingyun;PU Yilei;LIU Meng;LIU Na;MA Li;ZHANG LI(College of Biological Engineering,Henan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 450001;Henan Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Preservation and Breeding of Industrial Microbial Strains;Chunhua Qiushi Technology Group Co.,Ltd.)

机构地区：[1]河南工业大学生物工程学院,郑州450001 [2]工业微生物菌种保藏与选育河南省工程实验室 [3]春华秋实科技集团有限公司

出　　处：《中国果树》2024年第2期82-88,共7页China Fruits

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31401918);河南省重点研发和推广专项(222102110308);河南工业大学青年骨干教师培育计划(21420168)。

摘　　要：草莓是一种兼具营养和经济价值的水果,草莓连年栽培导致连作障碍发生严重,发病率逐渐增加,严重影响了草莓的产量。从连作3年且患有根腐病的草莓根际土壤中分离出病原菌,经鉴定分别为Fusarium pseudocircinatum、Fusarium solani、Fusarium luffae、Aspergillus westerdijkiae、Cladosporium oxysporum、Ectophoma multirostrata、Neopestalotiopsis rosae和Neocosmospora rubicola。进一步对连作前后草莓根际土壤真菌变化进行分析,结果表明,连作后真菌总数量下降,在属水平上,Pulvinula、Aspergillus、Acremonium、Funneliformis、unclassified_Cercozoa和unclassified_Pezizaceae等真菌的相对丰度均显著或极显著增加,unclassified_Hypocreales、Mortierella和Rhizophlyctis等真菌的相对丰度均显著或极显著降低。对连作后土壤的理化性质进行检测,结果表明,有机质含量极显著降低,全磷、硝态氮含量极显著增加,pH值显著增加。这说明土壤理化性质的改变和优势菌种的更替都是导致草莓连作障碍发生的原因,可为防治草莓根腐病和连作障碍提供科学依据。Strawberry is a fruit with both nutritional and economic value.Continuous cropping of strawberry resulted in serious continuous cropping obstacle and gradually increased incidence rate,which seriously affected the yield of strawberry.In this study,the pathogens were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of strawberry with root rot and continuous cropping for three years.Pathogens were identified as Fusarium pseudocircinatum,Fusarium solani,Fusarium luffae,Aspergillus westerdijkiae,Cladosporium oxysporum,Ectophoma multirostrata,Neopestalotiopsis rosaeand Neocosmosporarubicola.Studies analyzed the soil fungal changes in the rhizosphere of strawberry before and after continuous cropping.The results show that,total fungal numbers decreased after continuous cropping,the relative abundance of fungi such as Pulvinula,Aspergillus,Acremonium,Funneliformis,unclassified_Cercozoaand unclassified_Pezizaceae were significantly increased,the relative abundance of the unclassified_Hypocreales,Mortierellaand Rhizophlyctiswas significantly reduced.The detection of the physical and chemical properties of soil after continuous cropping shows that the organic content is significantly reduced,the content of total phosphorus,nitrate nitrogen and pH value are significantly increased.The change of soil physical and chemical properties and the replacement of dominant bacteria are the reasons for the occurrence of strawberry continuous cropping obstacles.The research provides scientific basis for the prevention and control of strawberry root rot and continuous cropping obstacles.

关 键 词：草莓 连作 根际微生物 真菌 根腐病 

分 类 号：S436.68[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]