主体资质欠缺之采矿权转让合同效力的裁判路径与规则重塑  

Judgment path and rule reshaping of the validity of mining rights transfer contracts with lack of subject qualifications

作　　者：曹宇[1] 谭程 郭琳琳 CAO Yu;TAN Cheng;GUO Linlin(Law School,Inner Mongolia University,Hohhot 010021,China;Hohhot Intermediate People’s Court,Hohhot 010040,China;Consulting&Research Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100035,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学法学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021 [2]呼和浩特市中级人民法院,内蒙古呼和浩特010040 [3]自然资源部咨询研究中心,北京100035

出　　处：《中国矿业》2024年第3期19-25,共7页China Mining Magazine

基　　金：内蒙古社科规划项目“国家重要能源和战略资源基地建设法治保障研究”资助(编号:2023NDC203);司法部项目“自然保护区采矿权退出法律制度研究”资助(编号:22SFB5045);内蒙古自治区高等学校人文社会科学重点研究项目“内蒙古矿区生态修复法律制度研究”资助(编号:NJSZ23033)。

摘　　要：主体资质欠缺之采矿权转让合同效力裁判路径的多样性与理论证成的多元性构成了司法实务的难点。主体资质欠缺之采矿权转让合同效力的判断与未经审批之采矿权转让合同效力的判断具有牵连性,但又呈现出独立的规则特征,其裁判路径的多元性以及理论阐释的多样性,决定了研究价值的继续存在。裁判规则的统一、诚信守约人的保护以及采矿权高效流转等价值目标对裁判规则的重塑提出制度供给的需求。《矿产资源法》修订应注意区分采矿权资质对采矿权持有与行使的不同关系,完成主体资质与合同效力的松绑,实现采矿权转让主体资质与采矿权转让合同效力的彻底剥离,同时应明确规定采矿权转让合同原则上自成立之日起生效,避免解释论层面的不必要纷争。此外,《矿产资源法》修订需严格绑定主体资质与采矿权行使的关系,将国家对矿业秩序的要求植入采矿权的具体行权过程。司法实践可考虑适用《民法典》第215条确立的区分原则,采合同有效说作为修法尚未完成的过渡方案。For the validity of mining rights transfer contract with the lack of subject qualification,the diversity of the contract validity of the path of judgment and the plurality of theoretical evidence constitutes the difficulties of judicial practice.To judge the validity of the mining rights transfer contract with the lack of subject qualification,it has implicated with the unapproved mining rights transfer contract effect of judgment,but also presents an independent rule characteristics,its plurality of judgment path as well as diversity of theoretical interpretation,determined the research value of the continued existence.The uniformity of adjudication rules,the protection of faithful contractors,and the high-efficiency transfer of mining rights are among the value goals which put forward the demand for institutional supply for the reshaping of adjudication rules.The revision of the Mineral Resources Law should pay attention to differentiating the qualification of mining rights from the holding and exercising of mining rights,completing the untying of the qualification of the subject and the validity of the contract,realizing the complete separation of the qualification of the subject of the transfer of mining rights from the validity of the contract for the transfer of mining rights and also clearly stipulating that the contract for the transfer of mining rights shall take effect from the date of its establishment in principle,in order to avoid unnecessary disputes at the level of the theory of interpretation.In addition,the revision of the Mineral Resources Law needs to rigorously bind the relationship between the qualification of the main body and the exercise of mining rights,and implant the requirements of the State on the administrative order of the mining industry into the specific process of exercising the mining rights.In the judicial practice,the application of the principle of distinction established in Article 215 of the Civil Code can be considered,and the validity of contract can be considered as a tr

关 键 词：矿产资源管理 采矿权转让 采矿权 矿业权 

分 类 号：TD-0[矿业工程] DF469[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]