KOH共热法和水热活化法制备多孔竹活性炭的比较  

Comparation of porous bamboo activated carbon using KOH co-thermal activation and hydrothermal activation methods

作　　者：童文瑄 梁新鑫 周吓星[1,2] 黄方 陈礼辉 牛敏[1] TONG Wenxuan;LIANG Xinxin;ZHOU Xiaxing;HUANG Fang;CHEN Lihui;NIU Min(School of Materials Engineering,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350000,China;Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials,State Forestry and Grassland Administration,Fuzhou 350000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学材料工程学院,福州350000 [2]国家林业和草原局植物纤维功能材料重点实验室,福州350000

出　　处：《林业工程学报》2024年第2期77-83,共7页Journal of Forestry Engineering

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金(2021J01131042);福建省科技厅工业引导性(重点)项目(2018H0006);福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(JAT200101)。

摘　　要：我国竹材资源丰富,以竹废料为原料,制备可用于超级电容器电极材料的竹活性炭,有助于推动竹产业发展,助力国家“双碳”目标实现。在本研究中,分别采用KOH共热和水热处理对竹粉进行活化,并对制备的竹活性炭进行电化学性能、比表面积、表面微观形貌等测试。实验结果表明,KOH共热活化法的最佳条件为炭化温度350℃,活化温度900℃,升温速率2℃/min,碱炭质量比4∶1;制备的活性炭比表面积为3 299 m2/g, 0.5 A/g电流密度下的比电容为287.8 F/g, 5 000次充放电测试后,电容保持率为95%~105%。水热活化法的最佳条件为KOH质量分数20%,反应温度150℃,反应时间12 h,制备的活性炭比表面积为192.91 m2/g, 0.5 A/g电流密度下的比电容为170.4 F/g,电容保持率为88.89%。2种方法制备的活性炭孔径结构都是以微孔为主,中孔混合分布,含有少量大孔;2种活性炭均含有双层或多层石墨烯结构,但水热活化法制备的活性炭石墨化程度更高,制备条件更温和。研究结果既可为超级电容器用活性炭的研究提供了理论思路,也有效地扩展了竹材的应用领域。China is indeed rich in bamboo resources,which has advantages of fast-growing,low-cost,and biodegradable.Activated carbon prepared from bamboo wastes can be used as an electrode material for supercapacitors,which helps to promote the development of the bamboo industry and contribute to the national goal of the“Dual-Carbon”strategy.In this study,bamboo powder was activated by KOH co-heating and hydrothermal treatment respectively,and the electrochemical properties,specific surface area,and surface micro-morphology of the prepared bamboo activated carbons were examined.The mechanism of the differences performance in the activated carbon prepared by these two methods was also characterized using the Brunauer,Emmett and Teller(BET),scanning electron microscope(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Ramon analysis.The results showed that the optimum conditions of KOH co-heating activation method were the charring temperature of 350℃,activation temperature of 900℃,heating rate of 2℃/min,and the KOH to charcoal mass ratio of 4∶1.The specific surface area of the prepared activated carbon was 3299 m 2/g,and the specific capacitance was 287.8 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g,and the power density and energy density were 6.94 Wh/kg and 1250 W/kg,respectively.The capacitance retention was 95%-105%after 5000 cycles of charging and discharging tests.The optimum conditions of hydrothermal activation method were KOH solution mass fraction of 20%,reaction temperature of 150℃,and reaction time of 12 h.The specific surface area of the prepared activated carbon was 192.91 m 2/g,and the specific capacitance was 170.4 F/g at a current density of 0.5 A/g.The power density and energy density were 1.88 Wh/kg and 250 W/kg,respectively,and the capacitance retention was only 88.89%.The pore size structure of both activated carbons was dominated by micropores with a mixed distribution of mesopores,containing a small number of macropores,contributing to facilitate the transport of electrolyte ions in the samples.Both activated carbon

关 键 词：竹粉 活性炭 KOH共热活化法 水热活化法 超级电容器 电化学性能 

分 类 号：TS721[轻工技术与工程—制浆造纸工程]