香樟和银杏落叶海水浸提液对东海原甲藻的抑藻效应及其有效成分分析  

Inhibitory effect of Cinnamomum camphora and Ginkgo biloba leaves seawater extract on Prorocentrum donghaiense and analysis of its active constituent

作　　者：王文卿 沈盎绿 WANG Wenqing;SHEN Angyu(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2024年第1期96-109,共14页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室开放基金项目(FEEL-2020-9);上海海洋大学青年教师科研启动基金(201909)。

摘　　要：为寻找防治赤潮的有效手段,以香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)和银杏(Ginkgo biloba)落叶作为抑藻制剂材料,探究其常温海水浸提液对东海赤潮高发区原因种东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)的化感抑制效果,并分别采用顶空-固相微萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用法和超高效液相色谱串联四极杆-飞行时间质谱法分析了香樟和银杏海水浸提液中的有效成分。结果表明:香樟和银杏叶浸提液对东海原甲藻生长的96 h半效应浓度(96 h-EC50)分别为1.23 g·L^(-1)和1.22 g·L^(-1)。高浓度香樟叶浸提液(≥3.0 g·L^(-1))处理72 h时即可使大量东海原甲藻细胞破裂,96 h时对东海原甲藻生长的抑制率高于70%,且在第8天仍可抑制东海原甲藻的生长。银杏叶浸提液对东海原甲藻的抑制作用起效快,处理24 h时,高浓度试验组(≥3.0 g·L^(-1))中东海原甲藻基本失去游动能力,处理96 h时,浓度≥2.0 g·L^(-1)的银杏叶浸提液对东海原甲藻生长的抑制率均达到了80%以上。另外,从香樟叶浸提液中共分离鉴定出了芳樟醇、橙花叔醇、桉油烯醇和桉叶油醇等可能具有化感作用的萜类物质,从银杏叶浸提液中分离鉴定出了儿茶素、芦丁和槲皮素等可能具有化感作用的黄酮类物质,其中橙花叔醇对东海原甲藻的生长具有明显抑制作用。橙花叔醇对东海原甲藻生长的96 h-EC50为1.25 mg·L^(-1);24 h时,4.0 mg·L^(-1)橙花叔醇即可使大量藻死亡,并使藻细胞丧失游动性;96 h时4.0 mg·L^(-1)橙花叔醇对东海原甲藻的抑制率达到了99.55%,所以橙花叔醇是一种有潜力的抑藻活性成分。研究结果为进一步探讨陆生植物对藻类的化感作用机理及制备复方抑藻剂提供了一定的科学参考。Harmful algal bloom(HAB)is an increasingly serious marine environmental problem in many coastal areas around the world.Prorocentrum donghaiense is the main dominant species of HAB in the East China Sea.Plant allelopathy has the advantages of high efficiency,selectivity,no secondary pollution,and little impact on ecology,so it has become a hot spot of HAB control.Cinnamomum camphora and Ginkgo biloba have been proven to have inhibitory effects on some freshwater algae and red tide algae,but their inhibitory components and mechanisms have not been thoroughly studied.In this study,the defoliations of C.camphora and G.biloba were used to study the allelopathic inhibition effects of their room temperature seawater extracts on the bloom-forming species P.donghaiense.The constituents in C.camphora seawater extracts were analyzed by headspace-solid phase micro extraction combined with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.The components in seawater extract of G.biloba leaves were analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry.The inhibitory components were screened out.The results showed that the 96 h-EC50 of C.camphora and G.biloba seawater extracts against the growth of P.donghaiense were 1.23 g·L^(-1) and 1.22 g·L^(-1),respectively.The algal inhibition effect of C.camphora extract was slower than that of G.biloba,but its inhibitory effect on P.donghaiense was more lasting.The cell growth inhibition rate of P.donghaiense treated by C.camphora extracts with a concentration higher than 3.0 g·L^(-1) was higher than 71.00%at 96 h.C.camphora extract had little effect on the swimming of algae in the early stage of the experiment(within 48 h),but after 72 h of treatment,it could cause the algae in high concentration experimental groups to burst and die quickly.The terpenes of sea water extract from C.camphora leaves were analyzed,and linalool,nerolidol,spathulenol,1,8-cineole,beta-santalene and bergamotol were identified.The algal inhibition effect of G.biloba extract

关 键 词：香樟 银杏 东海原甲藻 化感作用 橙花叔醇 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]