大豆秸和稻草对甜玉米秸秆和湿啤酒糟混合青贮的影响  

Effects of Soybean Straw and Rice Straw on Mixed Silage of Sweet Corn Straw and Wet Brewers Grains

作　　者：黄莉莹 崔卫东 田静[1] 张建国[1] HUANG Li-ying;CUI Wei-dong;TIAN Jing;ZHANG Jian-guo(South Pratacultural Research Center,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong Province 510642,China;Zhimu Agricultural Technology(Hebei)Co.,Ltd,Dingzhou,Hebei Province 073000,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学南方草业中心,广东广州510642 [2]智牧农业科技(河北)有限公司,河北定州073000

出　　处：《草地学报》2024年第3期945-951,共7页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFE0111000-2);广东省现代草牧业(羊)产业技术体系(2019KJ127)资助。

摘　　要：甜玉米(Zea mays var.rugosa)秸秆和湿啤酒糟含水量较高,青贮可有效解决其不易贮藏的问题。通过设置甜玉米秸秆单贮、湿啤酒糟单贮、两者不同比例(3∶1和4∶1)混合青贮以及分别添加大豆(Glycine max)秸和稻(Oryza sativa)草将混合青贮的含水量调节为60%和70%,共12个处理,探究混合比例及含水量对其混合青贮发酵品质及有氧稳定性的影响。结果表明:甜玉米秸秆单贮发酵品质良好,湿啤酒糟单贮发酵品质较差,二者按3∶1混贮后显著提高了乳酸及乙酸含量(P<0.05),4∶1混贮后显著提高了乳酸含量(P<0.05),但4∶1混贮后好氧细菌及酵母数量较3∶1高;与甜玉米秸秆单贮相比,添加大豆秸显著提高了混合青贮料的有氧稳定性(P<0.05),有氧暴露7 d后的pH值仍接近4.2,添加大豆秸将含水量调节为60%显著降低了NH3-N含量(P<0.05);添加稻草的所有处理均显著降低了NH3-N含量(P<0.05)。综上,甜玉米秸秆与湿啤酒糟按3︰1的比例混合,并添加大豆秸将含水量调节为60%,其发酵品质好,有氧暴露7 d有氧稳定性也较好。Sweet corn(Zea mays var.rugosa)straw and wet brewers grains have high moisture contents,and ensiling can effectively solve their storage problem.The research set up 12 ensiling treatments of sweet corn straw and wet brewers grains alone,their mixtures in different ratios(3∶1 and 4∶1),or above mixtures added with soybean(Glycine max)straw and rice(Oryza sativa)straw to moisture contents of 60%and 70%,respectively.The experiment was to investigate the effects of mixed ratio and moisture content on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet corn straw and wet brewers grains silages.Results showed that the fermentation quality of sweet corn straw silage alone was good,while that of the wet brewers grains silage was poor;mixing them at a ratio of 3∶1 significantly increased the lactic acid and acetic acid contents of silages,and mixing them at a ratio of 4∶1 significantly increased lactic acid content(P<0.05),but the numbers of aerobic bacteria and yeasts were higher than those of 3∶1.Adding rice straw significantly reduced the NH 3-N content(P<0.05),while adding soybean straw significantly improved aerobic stability of mixed silage(P<0.05).The silage pH was close to 4.2 after 7 days of aerobic exposure;adding soybean straw to moisture content of 60%significantly reduced the NH 3-N content(P<0.05).In summary,the mixed silage of sweet corn straw and wet brewers grains at a ratio of 3∶1 with moisture content of 60%by adding soybean straw had better fermentation quality,and it was stable after 7 days of aerobic exposure.

关 键 词：混合青贮 湿啤酒糟 甜玉米秸秆 发酵品质 有氧稳定性 

分 类 号：S816.53[农业科学—饲料科学]