重庆水电流域夏季降水模态分析及其水汽输送特征  

The Analysis of Summer Precipitation Modes and Its Characteristics of Water Vapor Transportation in Hydroelectric Basins of Chongqing

作　　者：刘祥 何军 庞玥 孔德璇 夏佰成 LIU Xiang;HE Jun;PANG Yue;KONG Dexuan;XIA Baicheng(China Meteorological Administration Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy,Chongqing Meteorological Service Center,Chongqing 401147,China;China Meteorological Administration Key Open Laboratory of Transforming Climate Resources to Economy,Chongqing Meteorological observatory,Chongqing 401147,China;Meteorological Bureau of Qian Xinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture,Xingyi 562400,Guizhou,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气候资源经济转化重点开放实验室,重庆市气象服务中心,重庆401147 [2]中国气象局气候资源经济转化重点开放实验室,重庆市气象台,重庆401147 [3]贵州省黔西南布依族苗族自治州气象局,贵州兴义562400

出　　处：《高原气象》2024年第2期421-433,共13页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：重庆市技术创新与应用发展专项重点项目(CSTB2022TIAD-KPX0123)。

摘　　要：水电是重庆重要的产电形式之一,研究重庆水电流域夏季降水的强弱和分布对做好夏季电力气象保障服务具有重要意义,目前的研究主要聚焦于西南地区或四川盆地,较少以水电流域为单位进行研究,对做好精细化的电力气象服务参考作用有限。本文利用1981-2022年重庆水电流域115个气象观测站点降水数据、ERA5再分析资料,通过EOF分析、回归分析、合成分析等方法,对重庆水电流域夏季降水模态和成因进行了分析,并进一步探究了各模态水汽输送特征。结果表明:重庆水电流域夏季降水主要有全区一致型和南北反向型两个模态,全区一致型中一致偏多型环流特征主要表现为中高纬高度场波动振幅较大,中纬度西风急流偏强、偏南,中低纬南亚高压偏强、偏南,西太平洋副热带高压偏西,同时流域内配合有异常的西南水汽输送和水汽辐合,一致偏少型则与之相反,此外,影响全区一致型的水汽通道共有4条,分别为孟加拉湾西部南风通道、中南半岛北部的南风通道、高原东侧的西风通道、菲律宾以西的东风通道,其中以菲律宾以西的东风通道影响最为显著;南北反向型中北多南少型环流特征主要表现为中高纬高度场西高东低,中纬度西风急流偏北,中低纬南亚高压表现为东部型,西太平洋副热带高压容易西伸、北跳,同时流域内配合有较强的向北输送的水汽通量,且北部有水汽辐合、南部有水汽辐散,南多北少型则与之相反,此外,影响南北反向型的水汽通道共有2条,分别为流域中部南风通道和菲律宾东部南风通道,且二者表现出一致变化的特征。Hydroelectric is one of the crucial forms of electricity generation in Chongqing,studying the intensity and distribution of summer precipitation in the Chongqing hydropower basin holds significant importance for providing reliable meteorological support for summer power generation.Currently,research efforts primarily concentrate on the Southwest region or the Sichuan Basin,with limited focus on individual hydropower basins,as a result,the potential for providing refined electricity meteorological services is restricted.In this study,by using EOF analysis,regression analysis,synthesis analysis and other methods,the summer precipitation modes and causes in hydroelectric basins of Chongqing were analyzed based on the precipitation data from 115 meteorological observation stations in Chongqing's hydroelectric basins from 1981 to 2022,as well as ERA5 reanalysis data.Furthermore,the characteristics of water vapor transport for each precipitation mode were explored.The results show that there are two main precipitation modes in the summer in the major hydroelectric basins of Chongqing:the region-wide consistent mode and the north-south reverse mode.The circulation characteristics of the consistent excessive mode in region-wide consistent mode are mainly characterized by large amplitude in the mid-high latitude geopotential height field,a stronger and southward-shifted mid-latitude westerly jet,a stronger and southward-shifted South Asian high,and a westward-shifted subtropical high,the consistent low mode are opposite.Simultaneously,there are abnormal southwest water vapor transport and convergence within the basin,which collectively result in excessive precipitation in the basin.In addition,there are four water vapor channels that influence the region-wide consistent mode,they are the southerly channel in the western Bay of Bengal,the southerly channel in the northern part of the Indochina Peninsula,the westerly channel on the eastern side of the Tibetan plateau,and the easterly channel west of the Philippines,with the

关 键 词：水电流域 降水模态 水汽输送 环流 

分 类 号：P461[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]