日本防卫预算及其增加路径  

Japan’s Defense Budget and Path of Its Expansion

作　　者：徐一睿 刘志诚 XU Yirui;LIU Zhicheng

机构地区：[1]日本专修大学经济学院,东京214-8580 [2]日本专修大学,东京214-8580

出　　处：《东北亚学刊》2024年第2期106-126,149,共22页Journal of Northeast Asia Studies

摘　　要：在当前激烈的大国竞争背景下,日本国内对提升防卫预算的呼声日益高涨。自泡沫经济崩溃以来,日本经济陷入了“寅吃卯粮”的困境。随着全球地缘政治形势的变化,日本政府认为国家安全面临着日益严峻的挑战,提高防卫预算成为当务之急。岸田政府参考了北约的做法,提出了未来五年内大幅增加防卫预算的计划,以应对日本所面临的安全挑战。然而,面对巨大的资金缺口,需要寻找可行的方案来填补。为此,日本政府考虑设立“防卫力量强化资金”,通过利用非税收入和增加税收来弥补资金不足。日本政府需要权衡各种因素,包括经济增长、社会福利和国家安全等方面的需求,以确保财政稳健,并支持防卫力量的健全发展。日本防卫预算及其增加路径问题需要持续关注和深入探讨。Amidst the intense backdrop of global power competition,there is a growing call with⁃in Japan for an increase in the defense budget.Since the burst of the economic bub⁃ble,Japan’s economy has been struggling,with its national finances perilously close to crisis,leading to a situation akin to“robbing Peter to pay Paul.”With the chang⁃ing global geopolitical landscape and escalating security uncertainties,the Japanese government faces increasingly severe challenges to national security,making the aug⁃mentation of the defense budget a pressing priority.Taking cues from NATO’s prac⁃tices,the Kishida administration has proposed a significant increase in defense spending over the next five years to address Japan’s security challenges.However,faced with this substantial funding gap,the government needs to explore feasible so⁃lutions to bridge it.To this end,the government is considering establishing a“De⁃fense Enhancement Fund,”aiming to supplement the shortfall by utilizing non-tax revenues and increasing taxes.This initiative aims to balance fiscal demands with de⁃fense requirements,ensuring rational growth in defense expenditure.Nevertheless,this issue is exceptionally challenging and complex.The government must weigh vari⁃ous factors,including economic growth,social welfare,and national security needs,to ensure fiscal prudence and support the robust development of defense capabilities.From a long-term perspective,the Japanese government needs to identify sustainable financial resources to support the reasonable growth of the defense budget.This re⁃quires in-depth discussions and negotiations between the government and stakehold⁃ers to formulate comprehensive and viable policy schemes.Only through such en⁃deavors can the defense budget sustainably grow to safeguard Japan’s national secu⁃rity and interests in the current complex geopolitical environment.Therefore,this is⁃sue demands continual attention and thorough exploration to devise practical and ef⁃fective measures.

关 键 词：日本 防卫预算 再军备 财政基础 1%框架 

分 类 号：E313[军事—军事理论] D731.3[政治法律—政治学]