高速铁路0.01~1 m波段高低轨道不平顺特性分析  

Investigation on 0.01~1 m wavelength longitudinal level irregularity of high speed railway

作　　者：陈宪麦[1,2] 彭良坤 孙宪夫 魏子龙 杨飞 董春敏 CHEN Xianmai;PENG Liangkun;SUN Xianfu;WEI Zilong;YANG Fei;DONG Chunmin(School of Civil Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China;National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Construction Technology,Changsha 410075,China;Infrastructure Inspection Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410075 [2]高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075 [3]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司基础设施检测研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2024年第3期891-900,共10页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51478482);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划重点课题(N2019G012);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划。

摘　　要：随着我国高速铁路发展规模的不断扩大及运营速度的不断提升,轨道短波不平顺引起的振动与噪声问题日益严重。深入研究高速铁路短波不平顺的时域、频域与时频域特征,对精准掌握高速铁路轨道短波平顺状态及其引起的车-轨系统振动、伤损等一系列问题具有重要的参考价值。以某高速铁路实测0.01~1 m波段轨面高低不平顺数据为研究对象,经过数据预处理剔除异常值并消除趋势项后,对实测不平顺数据进行时域分析,得到该高铁线路短波不平顺数据的统计与分布特性。采用平均周期图法计算该高铁线路轨道短波不平顺功率谱密度,应用非线性最小二乘拟合优化算法进行拟合,提出高速铁路轨道短波不平顺谱。从时频域角度对该段数据进行经验模态分解与希尔伯特变换,分析该高铁线路短波不平顺的希尔伯特谱与边际谱。研究结果表明:该高铁线路轨道短波不平顺数据各统计量幅值都较小,且近似服从正态分布;该高铁线路轨道短波不平顺功率谱密度存在与钢轨波磨有关的多个周期性成分,提出的高速铁路短波不平顺谱函数能够很好地对实测功率谱密度进行拟合,且拟合效果优于经典的SATO建议的短波谱与50 kg/m钢轨的短波谱;对该高铁线路轨道可能存在的短波病害进行识别与定位,时频域分析的方法可以较好地应用于高速铁路轨道平顺性的分析与日常的管理维护。With the continuous expansion of China’s high-speed railway development and the ongoing improvement in operational speed,the issue of vibrations and noise caused by uneven track short-wave irregularity has become increasingly severe.A thorough investigation into the time domain,frequency domain and time-frequency domain characteristics of high-speed railway short-wave irregularity holds significant reference value in accurately grasping the track regularity and the resulting vibrations and damages to the vehicletrack system.Taking the measured data of surface longitudinal level irregularities in the 0.01~1 m wavelength range of a certain high-speed railway as the subject of study.After preprocessing the data to eliminate outliers and trend components,a time domain analysis was performed on the measured irregularity data,revealing the statistical and distribution characteristics of short waves on this high-speed railway line.Using the average periodogram method,the power spectral density of track short-wave irregularity on this high-speed railway line was computed.A nonlinear least squares fitting optimization algorithm was employed to propose the spectrum of track short-wave irregularity.Furthermore,an empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert transform were conducted on the data from a time-frequency perspective to analyze the Hilbert spectrum and marginal spectrum of short-wave irregularity on this high-speed railway line.The results indicate that the amplitude of various statistical quantities of track short-wave irregularity on this high-speed railway line is relatively small.They approximately follow a normal distribution.The power spectral density of track short-wave irregularity on this high-speed railway line contains multiple periodic components related to rail corrugation.The proposed spectrum of high-speed railway track short-wave irregularity fits the measured power spectral density well,with a fitting performance superior to the classical SATO proposed short-wave spectrum and the short-wave spectrum

关 键 词：短波不平顺 时域分析 轨道谱 拟合 希尔伯特变换 

分 类 号：U213.7[交通运输工程—道路与铁道工程]