介孔活性炭制备、改性及吸附废水中重金属进展  

Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions in Wastewater by Mesoporous Activated Carbon

作　　者：冯博[1,2,3] 文洋 刘丽[1,2] Jefferson Mabounda[1,2] FENG Bo;WEN Yang;LIU Li;Jefferson MABOUNDA(Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Mining Engineering,Jiangxi University of Sciencce and Technology,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China;School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Jiangxi University of Science and Technology,Ganzhou341000,Jiangxi,China;Collaborative Innovation Center for Development and Utilization of Rare Metal Resources Co-Sponsoredby Ministry of Education and Jiangxi Province,Ganzhou 341000,Jiangxi,China)

机构地区：[1]江西理工大学,江西省矿业工程实验室,江西赣州341000 [2]江西理工大学资源与环境工程学院,江西赣州341000 [3]江西理工大学,稀有稀土资源开发与利用省部共建教育部协同创新中心,江西赣州341000

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2024年第1期333-346,共14页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52174248,52264022);江西省双千计划(jxsq2019201115);江西省青年井冈学者奖励计划。

摘　　要：介孔活性炭作为一种具有高比表面积、大孔径和孔隙率体积、表面易于修饰、水热稳定性良好等特性的非硅基介孔功能材料,被广泛应用于催化、电化学、生物医药和吸附等诸多领域,成为国内外研究热点之一。本文综述了物理和化学活化法、硬模板法、软模板法、溶胶-凝胶法制备介孔活性炭材料,比较了各种方法的优缺点,并阐述了非金属掺杂、过渡金属掺杂、稀有金属掺杂和表面功能化氧化改性对介孔活性炭材料进行结构改性和功能化方面的进展。另外,简述了介孔活性炭材料中在重金属污染中的去除应用,最后对介孔活性炭材料新的发展方向进行了展望。Mesoporous activated carbon as a kind of non-silica-based mesoporous functional material is widely used in many fields such as catalysis,electrochemistry,supercapacitors,biomedicine,and adsorption due to its small pore size(i.e.,2-50 nm),high specific surface area,large pore size and volume of porosity,easy to modify the surface,and good hydrothermal stability.The development of mesoporous materials benefits from the rapid application of mesoporous activated carbon as an adsorbent in the field of adsorption.However,mesoporous carbon is not as widely utilized as mesoporous silica,and mesoporous carbon materials become popular just in recent years.This review represented recent development on the synthesis and preparation of mesoporous activated carbon materials by physical activation method,chemical activation method,hard template method,soft template method and sol-gel method.The common types of templating agents in the preparation of hard template method and soft template method were enumerated.Silica is widely used as a template,and a class of low-cost,easy-to-remove and environmentally friendly templating agents were derived.The application of excellent magnetic biochar in sol-gel method was analyzed.The physical properties of carbon materials synthesized from different carbon precursors under the condition of H_(3)PO_(4) as an activator were summarized.The control of pore size structure and morphology during the preparation of mesoporous carbon materials obtained by different methods were discussed.The current status of various methods in the preparation of mesoporous activated carbon materials was introduced.The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods in the synthesis of mesoporous activated carbon materials were analyzed.The four types of methods for structural modification and functionalization of mesoporous activated carbon materials by elemental doping of nitrogen,boron,phosphorus and sulfur in non-metals,transition metal doping led by iron,lanthanum,neodymium and cerium-dominated rare metal

关 键 词：介孔活性炭 活化 掺杂 复合材料 重金属 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TQ127.11[化学工程—无机化工]