不同施肥方案对室内种植番茄生长发育及果实品质的影响  

Effects of different fertilization schemes on the growth,development,and fruit quality of indoor planted tomatoes

作　　者：文点点 王宁 章雨珠 童芳 端金慧 王源秀[1] 杨璐 WEN Diandian;WANG Ning;ZHANG Yuzhu;TONG Fang;DUAN Jinhui;WANG Yuanxiu;YANG Lu(College of Life Sciences,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,Anhui)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学生命科学学院,安徽芜湖241000

出　　处：《浙江农业科学》2024年第3期574-582,共9页Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：霍英东青年教师基金项目(171022);安徽省自然科学基金项目(2008085QC129);大学生创新创业训练项目(202110370080)。

摘　　要：为探究不同施肥方案对室内种植番茄生长发育及果实品质的影响,以野生型番茄Micro Tom为研究对象,在整个生长周期进行8种不同的施肥处理。具体包括根部浇灌清水(CK)、叶面喷施营养液(T1)、叶面喷施磷肥(T2)、根部施小颗粒肥料(T3)、叶面喷施营养液+磷肥(T4)、叶面喷施营养液+根部施小颗粒肥料(T5)、叶面喷施磷肥+根部施小颗粒肥料(T6)、叶面喷施营养液+叶面喷施磷肥+根部施小颗粒肥料(T7)。结果显示,与对照组相比,T3、T5和T6能明显促进番茄株高、茎粗和第二侧枝的生长;T3、T7处理能促进叶绿素的合成;T5处理能对番茄开花、果实大小及种子数起到明显的促进作用;T3处理能明显提升番茄结果数;T3与T7的可溶性糖含量均高于T5与T6;T5与T6的维生素C含量均高于T3与T7。综上表明,只施小颗粒、施营养液+小颗粒、施磷肥+小颗粒、施营养液+磷肥+小颗粒均能明显促进番茄的生长、产量和品质提升,其中只施小颗粒的施肥方案比其他处理组所花的成本更少,且能减轻肥料对环境的危害,是最佳施肥方案。To investigate the effects of different fertilization schemes on the growth,development,and fruit quality of indoor planted tomatoes,wild-type tomato Micro Tom was used as the research object,and 8 different fertilization treatments were applied throughout the entire growth cycle.Specifically,it includes root irrigation with clean water(CK),foliar spraying with nutrient solution(T1),foliar spraying with phosphorus fertilizer(T2),foliar spraying with small particle fertilizer(T3),foliar spraying with nutrient solution+phosphorus fertilizer(T4),foliar spraying with nutrient solution+root spraying with small particle fertilizer(T5),foliar spraying with phosphorus fertilizer+root spraying with small particle fertilizer(T6),foliar spraying with nutrient solution+foliar spraying with phosphorus fertilizer+root spraying with small particle fertilizer(T7).The results showed that compared with the control group,T3,T5,and T6 could significantly promote the growth of tomato plant height,stem diameter,and second lateral branch;T3 and T7 treatments can promote the synthesis of chlorophyll;T5 treatment can significantly promote tomato flowering,fruit size,and seed number;T3 treatment can significantly increase the number of tomato fruits;The soluble sugar content of T3 and T7 was higher than that of T5 and T6;The vitamin C content of T5 and T6 was higher than that of T3 and T7.In summary,applying only small particles,nutrient solution+small particles,phosphorus fertilizer+small particles,and nutrient solution+phosphorus fertilizer+small particles can significantly promote the growth,yield,and quality of tomatoes.Among them,the fertilization scheme that only applies small particles costs less than other treatment groups,and can reduce the harm of fertilizer to the environment,making it the best fertilization scheme.

关 键 词：番茄 施肥方案 生长发育 品质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]