不同氮和钙肥用量对黑花生产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Different Nitrogen and Calcium Application Rates on Yield and Quality of Black Peanut

作　　者：厉广辉 徐勤青 孙伟 李长生[1] 夏晗[1] 王兴军[1] 赵红军[4] 赵传志[1] LI Guang-hui;XU Qin-qing;SUN Wei;LI Chang-sheng;XIA Han;WANG Xing-jun;ZHAO Hong-jun;ZHAO Chuan-zhi(Institute of Crop Germplasm Resources,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Seiences/Shandong Key Lab.of Crop Genetic Improvement and Ecological Physiology,Jinan 250100,China;Shandong Agricultural Technology Ertension Center,Jinan 250100,China;Linyi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Linyi 276012,China;InstituteofIndustrial Crops,Shandong Academyf Agricultural Seiences,Jinan 250100,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省农业科学院农作物种质资源研究所/山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室,山东济南250100 [2]山东省农业技术推广中心,山东济南250100 [3]临沂市农业科学院,山东临沂276012 [4]山东省农业科学院经济作物研究所,山东济南250100

出　　处：《花生学报》2024年第1期65-71,共7页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32072090);山东省泰山学者工程;山东省重点研发计划(农业良种工程)项目(2020LZGC001,2022LZGC007,2022LZGC022);山东省农业科学院创新工程(CXGC2023G30)。

摘　　要：黑花生因富含花青素而深受消费者青睐。为了探索黑花生高产优质的适宜氮肥和钙肥用量,本研究以黑花生品种济花黑1号为研究对象,设置不同的施氮量和施钙量处理,分析比较不同处理下农艺性状、荚果成熟饱满度、产量和品质的差异。结果表明,施氮120~360 kg/hm^(2)和施钙300~600 kg/hm^(2),花生荚果产量分别较不施氮和不施钙对照增产5.95%~15.56%和5.40%~10.39%,N240和Ca450处理产量最高。氮和钙促进了花生营养生长,提高了单株结果数、单株饱果数、饱果率、百果质量、百仁质量和出米率。N120和N240处理的荚果产量和成熟饱满度差异较小,且均显著高于对照;Ca450处理的荚果产量和成熟饱满度显著高于对照,在钙处理中表现最优;最优用量之后继续增施氮肥和钙肥不利于荚果发育和产量形成。施氮和施钙提高了花生籽仁蛋白质、脂肪、总氨基酸、精氨酸等营养物质含量,增加了油酸含量和O/L比值,降低了饱和脂肪酸(硬脂酸和棕榈酸)含量,提高了黑花生的营养品质和保健价值。施氮120 kg/hm^(2)和施钙450 kg/hm^(2)是黑花生高产优质高效栽培的优选施肥方案。研究结果为黑花生氮肥和钙肥合理应用提供了依据。Black peanut cultivars are popular with consumers on account of enriching in anthocyanin that have health value.To explore the optimum amount of nitrogen(N)and calcium(Ca)fertilizer for high yield and high quality of black peanut,different N and Ca application rates were performed by using of the cultivar JHB1 to investigate the changes of plant agronomic traits,pod plumpness,yield and quality.The results showed that the pod yields increased 5.95%-15.56%and 5.40%-10.39%compared to the control groups without N and Ca application,respectively,while the highest pod yields were obtained by applying N 120-360 kg/ha and Ca 300-600 kg/ha.N and Ca application promoted plant vegetative growth,and increased pod number per plant,full pod number per plant,full pod rate,100-pod mass,100-kernel mass and kernel rate.The peanut pod yield and plumpness of N120 and N240 treatments had little differences between them,but were significantly higher than those of the control treatments.The peanut pod yield and plumpness of Ca450 treatment were significantly higher than the control treatment,and Ca450 was the optimum among all calcium treatments.Continuing to apply more nitrogen and calcium fertilizers was not conducive to pod development and yield formation.N and Ca application improved the content of protein,fat,total amino acids and arginine in kernel,increased the O/L(oleic acid to linoleic acid)ratio,and reduced the content of saturated fatty acid(stearic acid and palmitic acid),which improved the nutritional quality and health value of black peanut.The optimal fertilization strategy for high yield,good quality and efficient cultivation of black peanut is recommended as the N and Ca application of 120 and 450 kg/ha respectively.The results provided information for optimized application of N and Ca fertilizers for black peanut.

关 键 词：黑花生 施氮量 施钙量 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S565.206.2[农业科学—作物学] S157.41