出土汉代医简所载“藜芦”的考证  

Textual research of Lilu contained in the unearthed medical slips of Han Dynasty

作　　者：石开玉[1] Shi Kaiyu(Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Wuhu Anhui 241002)

机构地区：[1]安徽中医药高等专科学校,安徽芜湖241002

出　　处：《山西中医药大学学报》2023年第12期1299-1303,1315,共6页Journal of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine

基　　金：2022年安徽“三全育人”试点省建设暨高校思想政治工作能力提升计划项目(sztsjh-2022-2-20);2021年安徽高校学科(专业)拔尖人才学术资助项目(gxbjZD2021028)。

摘　　要：通过查阅古今文献,对出土的汉代武威医简、马王堆医简所载的中药藜芦进行名称、基原、产地、采收与炮制、药用方面的考证。结果表明,藜芦最初名黎卢、犁卢、利庐,东汉末年《神农本草经》以“黎芦”为本品正名收载,魏《吴普本草》始以“藜芦”为本品正名,直至今日。藜芦的基原植物是百合科藜芦属植物藜芦(Veratrum nigrum L.)。汉唐时期藜芦的产地为今山东一带,宋明时期扩展到四川、重庆、陕西、甘肃、河南、湖北、山西的部分地区,现广布于东北、华北及陕西、山东、河南、湖北、四川等地。古代多载藜芦在(农历)二月、三月采根后阴干,或者用糯米泔汁煮后晒干。现在则明确采收时间为(公历)5~6月末,炮制方法为洗净晒干。藜芦药用价值大,自最古老的医方文献《五十二病方》载有藜芦药方至今,藜芦的药用历史已达两千多年。The name,origin,producing area,harvesting,processing and medicinal use of Lilu in the unearthed Wuwei and Mawangdui medical slips of Han Dynasty are textually researched by referring to ancient and modern literature.The results show that Lilu(藜芦)is originally named Li Lu(黎卢),Li Lu(犁卢)and Li Lu(利庐).At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty,Shennong Bencaojing takes Li Lu(黎芦)as its proper name.In the Wei Dynasty,Wupu Bencao begins to take Lilu(藜芦)as its proper name until today.The original plant of Lilu is Veratrum nigrum L.in the lily family.During the Han and Tang Dynasties,Lilu is produced in Shandong Province.During the Song and Ming Dynasties,it expands to parts of Sichuan,Chongqing,Shaanxi,Gansu,Henan,Hubei,Shanxi,and now it is widely distributed in Northeast China,North China,Shaanxi,Shandong,Henan,Hubei,Sichuan and other places.In ancient times,Lilu is dried in the shade after picking roots in February and March(Chinese calendar),or boiled in glutinous rice water and dried in the sun.Now it is clear that the harvest time is the end of May to June(Gregorian calendar),and the processing method is to wash and dry.Lilu has great medicinal value.It has been used for medicinal use for more than two thousand years since the most ancient medical literature,52 Bingfang(Prescriptions for Fifty-two Diseases),which contains its prescriptions.

关 键 词：武威汉代医简 马王堆医简 藜芦 本草考证 

分 类 号：R282[医药卫生—中药学]