中国社会性质论战与无锡、保定农村调查  

The Debate on the Nature of Chinese Society and the Investigation of Rural Areas in Wuxi and Baoding

作　　者：隋福民 孙健[1] Sui Fumin;Sun Jian(Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院,北京100732

出　　处：《国家现代化建设研究》2024年第1期130-145,共16页Journal of Modernization Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院创新工程项目“无锡、保定农村调查的历史与学术脉络研究”;中国社会科学院重大社会经济调查项目“第五次无锡、保定农村调查”。

摘　　要：中国社会性质问题是中国革命的基本问题之一。20世纪20年代后期至30年代前半期,中国学术界发生了关于中国社会性质问题的激烈论战。著名学者陈翰笙组织青年社会科学研究工作者,从当时中国最急迫的农村问题切入,在无锡、保定开展深入系统的农村经济调查,搜集了大量的实际证据,对近代以来中国社会性质和经济结构,尤其是中国农村社会性质等问题进行了扎实的论证。调查研究结果显示,近代中国农村,地权分散、捐税负担较重,农民受到地租、高利贷等的多重剥削,具有半殖民地半封建社会的经济特征,由此证明了中国近代社会是半殖民地半封建社会。这些成果为中国共产党的革命理论提供了现实支撑,客观上促进了革命理论和思想的传播。The discussion of the nature of Chinese society is one of the fundamental issues of modern Chinese revolution.In the first half of the 1930s,there was a debate in the Chinese theoretical community on the nature of Chinese society,including discussions on three issues:the debate on the nature of Chinese society,the debate on the history of Chinese society,and the debate on the nature of Chinese rural society.As a scholar with global influence in modern times,Chen Hansheng,starting from China’s reality and taking the most urgent rural issues in China at that time as a starting point,conducted rural economic surveys in Wuxi and Baoding,collected a large amount of micro evidence,and solidly demonstrated the nature and structure of China’s economy,which has long been a concern of the theoretical community since modern times.The survey results show that modern Chinese society was a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society,with scattered rural land rights and heavy tax burdens.Financial exploitation of farmers such as land rent and rural usury was a social and economic characteristic of the reality of semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.The investigation in Wuxi and Baoding provided realistic support for the revolutionary theory of the CPC and objectively promoted the spread of revolutionary theory and thought.

关 键 词：中国社会性质论战 无锡、保定农村调查 陈翰笙 

分 类 号：D61[政治法律—政治学]