家属互助办福利:“一五”期间工房托儿站在上海  

Family Mutual Aid Office Welfare:Factory Staff Dormitory Nursery Station in Shanghai During the First Five-Year Plan

作　　者：夏雪 XIA Xue(School of Marxism,Fudan University,Shanghai 200433,China)

机构地区：[1]复旦大学马克思主义学院,上海200433

出　　处：《安徽史学》2024年第2期147-157,共11页Historical Research In Anhui

基　　金：2017年度国家社科基金重大项目“中国红色文化百年发展史研究”(17ZDA007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在高积累低消费的“一五”期间,国家无法全力承担起全部女职工的托儿责任,因而鼓励职工家属用团结互助的办法解决自己的困难。观察“一五”期间以女工为主要生产者的上海纺织工厂用家属互助办工房托儿站来处理再生产的方式,可以清晰地看到:基于劳动的性别化分工,以家庭妇女居多的职工家属成为工厂企业集体托儿福利事业的主要承担者。这种做法不仅提高了女工的生产效率,减轻了国家和女工们的经济负担,为国家工业化作出了一定贡献,而且有着妇女解放的重要意涵。在当下,仍不失为一种值得考虑的解决幼有所育的可能方法。In the early stage of industrialization with high accumulation and low consumption,the state and enterprises can’t fully assume the childcare responsibilities of all female employees,as a result,they encourage the family members of workers to solve their own difficulties with unity and mutual assistance.By observing the way that Shanghai textile system,in which female employees are the main producers during the First Five-Year Plan,deals with the reproduction in the organizational form of nursery station in staff’s dormitory,it can be clearly seen that based on the gender division of labor,family members of employees dominated by housewives have become the main undertakers of collective childcare welfare in factories and enterprises.This approach has not only improved the production efficiency of female employees and reduced both the state and female employees’economic burden,and made a certain contribution to the industrialization of the country,but also has an important meaning of“women’s liberation”,which,at present,is still a possible way to solve the problem of child rearing.

关 键 词：家属互助 “一五”计划 上海 工房托儿站 

分 类 号：K27[历史地理—历史学]