建筑区域广义储能资源的刻画与设计方法  

Characterization and Design Method of Generalized Energy Storage Resources in or Around Buildings

作　　者：刘效辰 刘晓华[1] 张涛[1] 李浩[1] 江亿[1] LIU Xiaochen;LIU Xiaohua;ZHANG Tao;LI Hao;JIANG Yi(Department of Building Science,Tsinghua University,Haidian District,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑技术科学系,北京市海淀区100084

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2024年第6期2171-2184,I0007,共15页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3802501);国家自然科学基金项目(52208112);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2021M701935)。

摘　　要：面向碳中和目标,发展以风电、光电等可再生能源为主导的新型电力系统对于储能提出重大需求。建筑作为电力需求侧的主要部门之一,蕴含巨大储能潜力,不仅可实现自身柔性用能,还能主动参与外部电力系统调蓄。该文提出一种“等效电池模型”,定义等效充电功率、等效放电功率、等效储电量和等效综合效率,刻画建筑区域内3类最主要的虚拟储能资源(包括电动汽车+智能充电桩、暖通空调系统+建筑热容、可储能电器设备),并通过文献、实测和模拟数据给出典型工况下上述3类资源的关键参数取值范围。基于上述模型,提出建筑区域广义储能(包括传统储能和虚拟储能)的设计方法,实现减少柔性用能建筑的储能电池容量,并以典型办公建筑和住宅建筑为案例进行计算分析。提出的模型及方法可为城市能源系统的低碳设计规划提供有力支撑。Towards the goal of carbon neutrality,the future power system with a high penetration of renewable energy sources(e.g.,wind and solar energy)will have a significant demand for energy storage.As one of the major sectors on the power demand side,the building sector has huge potential for energy storage,which can not only realize its own flexible energy use,but also provide flexible service for the external power system.This paper proposes an“equivalent battery model”,defining equivalent charging power,equivalent discharge power,equivalent storage capacity,and equivalent efficiency.This model is used to characterize the three main types of virtual energy storage resources in or around buildings,including battery electric vehicle(BEV)+smart charger,heating ventilation and air-conditioning(HVAC)system+building thermal mass,and electrical appliance(EA)with energy storage.The key parameters of the three resources under typical conditions are quantified by the literature,measured and simulation data.Based on the above model,a design method is proposed to reduce the capacity of stationary batteries in energy-flexible buildings by using generalized energy storages(including traditional and virtual energy storages).This method is then applied to an office building and a residential building for demonstration.The proposed model and method can provide essential support for the low-carbon planning of urban energy systems.

关 键 词：建筑 广义储能 虚拟储能 电动汽车 暖通空调系统 电器设备 柔性用能 

分 类 号：TM92[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]