花岗岩风化过程中稀土元素富集分异机制研究进展  

Research Progress on the Enrichment and Differentiation Mechanism of Rare Earth Elements During Granite Weathering

作　　者：董春放 DONG Chunfang(Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541000)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学,广西桂林541000

出　　处：《四川地质学报》2024年第1期3-6,共4页Acta Geologica Sichuan

基　　金：广西研究生教育创新计划项目(YCSW2022317)。

摘　　要：离子吸附型稀土矿的矿化与风化过程密切相关。华南离子吸附型稀土矿是我国重要的重稀土资源,为全球提供了90%的重稀土资源,具有储量大,分布广泛和易于开采等特点。近年来,花岗岩风化过程中稀土元素的迁移分异机制和离子吸附型稀土矿的成矿机理引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。通过对花岗岩风化壳结构发育特征、稀土元素在风化壳剖面的分布和赋存状态进行总结,归纳出离子吸附型稀土矿的成矿特点和稀土元素在表生风化过程中的迁移分异机制。风化过程中,稀土元素在原生矿物中释放主要吸附在风化壳的黏土矿物中,地下水活动和原生-次生矿物转化造成稀土元素的活化和迁移搬运,并最终导致这些元素富集成矿。表生地质过程对矿体的发育和保存具有重要制约。未来仍需更多关注稀土元素在成矿母岩中的预富集机制、稀土元素的迁移形式及利于离子吸附型稀土矿形成的表生条件等问题。The mineralization of ion-adsorbed rare earth ore is closely related to the weathering process.The ion-adsorbed rare earth ore in South China is an important heavy rare earth resource in China,which provides 90%of the heavy rare earth resources in the world.It has the characteristics of large reserves,wide distribution and easy exploitation.In recent years,the migration and differentiation mechanism of rare earth elements during granite weathering and the metallogenic mechanism of ion-adsorbed rare earth ore have attracted extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad.The metallogenic characteristics of ion-adsorbed rare earth ore and the migration and differentiation mechanism of rare earth elements in the process of supergene weathering are summarized by summarizing the structure development of granite weathering crust and the distribution and occurrence of rare earth elements in the weathering section.During weathering,rare earth elements are released from the primary minerals and mainly adsorbated in the clay minerals of the weathering crust.Groundwater activities and the transformation of primary and secondary minerals cause the activation and transport of rare earth elements,and eventually lead to the enrichment and mineralization of these elements.The supergenetic geological processes have important constraints on the development and preservation of ore bodies.In the future,more attention should be paid to the pre-enrichment mechanism of rare earth elements in ore-forming parent rocks,the migration forms of rare earth elements and the supergenetic conditions conducive to the formation of ion-adsorbed rare earth ore.

关 键 词：稀土元素 离子吸附型稀土矿 花岗岩 风化作用 

分 类 号：P578.1[天文地球—矿物学]