1株野生红侧耳菌株分离鉴定及人工驯化栽培  

Isolation and identification of a wild strain of Pleurotus djamor(Rumph.ex.Fr.)Boedijn and its artificial domestication and cultivation

作　　者：蔡志英[1] 马茜 戴利铭 苏海鹏[1] 刘一贤[1] 施玉萍[1] 李岚岚 熊延林[1] 穆洪军[1] CAI Zhi-ying;MA Qian;DAI Li-ming;SU Hai-peng;LIU Yi-xian;SHI Yu-ping;LI Lan-lan;XIONG Yan-lin;MU Hong-jun(Plant Protection and Microbial Utilization Research Center,Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops,Xishuangbanna,Yunnan 666100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省热带作物科学研究所植物保护与微生物利用研究中心,云南西双版纳州666100

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第12期3514-3526,共13页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家橡胶产业技术体系项目(CARS-33-YN1);云南省热带作物科技创新体系建设项目(RF2022-7)。

摘　　要：【目的】对1株野生侧耳菌株PD2021进行分离鉴定及人工驯化栽培,为该菌株的大规模栽培及开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】以从云南省西双版纳州景洪市采集到的1株野生侧耳菌株PD2021为试材,采用组织分离法获得其母种,结合子实体形态学观察、侧耳属DNA条形码和分子系统发育分析界定其分类地位,并通过培养特性试验探究其生物学特性及出菇条件,采用正交试验筛选人工室内栽培该菌的栽培配方。【结果】通过形态学观察发现,PD2021菌株实体为呈淡米黄色,孢子印为白色,菌盖成熟时边缘呈波浪形花瓣状,菌盖边缘与中部交界处有一圈环状、参差不齐的条纹、整个子实体似一朵花子。结合侧耳属DNA条形码分析结果,将PD2021菌株鉴定为红侧耳花形变种(Pleurotusdjamor var.floreus)。PD2021菌株的ITS序列和延伸因子基因(EF-1α)序列均与P.djamor相似性最高,处于系统发育进化树中的同一分支,但二者分支长短不一,表明二者序列出现变异,进一步证明PD2021菌株为红侧耳的变种。该菌株最适生长的碳源为可溶性淀粉,最适生长的氮源为酵母粉,最适温度为26℃;菌丝耐高温能力强,44℃下处理12 h后于26℃下仍能恢复生长。采用正交试验筛选该菌栽培配方,最优配方:米糠15 kg、麦麸10 kg、橡胶锯末200 kg、玉米粉15 kg。在22~32℃、65%~85%空气湿度、100~550 lx散射光的出菇房中栽培15~21 d可出菇,出菇量可达152.26 g/菌包,生物转化率达55.64%。【结论】PD2021菌株耐高温,适于热带和亚热带栽培,其栽培周期短、抗杂能力强、栽培料广泛,具有良好的应用前景和开发价值。【Objective】The purpose of the study was to isolate and identify a wild Pleurotus(Fr.)P.Kumm.strain PD2021 and artificially domesticate and cultivate it,so as to provide a theoretical theory basis for the large-scale cultivation and utilization of this strain.【Method】A wild Pleurotus(Fr.)P.Kumm.strain PD2021 collected from Jinghong City,Xishuangbanna Prefecture,Yunnan Province was used as the test material.The parent species was obtained by tissue isolation,and its taxonomic status was defined by combining morphological observation of the fruiting bodies,DNA barcoding and molecular phylogenetic analysis of Pleurotus(Fr.)P.Kumm.The biological characteristics and mushrooming conditions were investigated by culture characterization tests,and orthogonal tests were used to screen the cultivation formula for artificial indoor cultivation of PD2021.【Result】Based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding of Pleurotus(Fr.)P.Kumm.,it was found that the PD2021 strain had a light beige body,white spore print,and a wavy petal shaped edge when maturing,and there was a circular and uneven stripe at the border between the cap edge and the middle,and the entire fruiting body resembleed a flower.Strain PD2021 was identified as P.djamor(Rumph.ex.Fr.)Boedijn according to DNA barcoding of Pleurotus(Fr.)P.Kumm.The ITS sequence and the sequence of the elongation factor gene(EF-1α)of strain PD2021 showed the highest similarity to that of P.djamor,and they were in the same branch in the phylogenetic evolutionary tree.However,the lengths of their branches were different,indicating that the sequences of the two strains varied,which further proved that strain PD2021 was a variant of P.djamor.The optimal carbon source for the growth of PD2021 strain was soluble starch,the optimal nitrogen source for the growth of this strain was yeast powder,and the optimal temperature was 26℃.The mycelium was highly resistant to high temperature,and could still resume growth at 26℃after 12 h of treatment at 44℃.The cultivation for

关 键 词：红侧耳 分离鉴定 DNA条形码 形态学特征 人工驯化栽培 

分 类 号：S646.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]