黄淮麦区南片小麦抗茎倒种质筛选及相关特性分析  

Screening of stem lodging resistant wheat germplasms and re⁃lated characteristics in southern part of Huanghuai wheat region

作　　者：张煜 任伟 韩留鹏 李正玲 赵明忠 齐学礼 ZHANG Yu;REN Wei;HAN Liu-peng;LI Zheng-ling;ZHAO Ming-zhong;QI Xue-li(Institute of Crops Molecular Breeding,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省作物分子育种研究院,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2023年第12期3561-3570,共10页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1200601);河南省重点研发与推广专项(232102110229);河南省农业科学院杰出青年科技基金项目(2023JQ01);河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目(2022YQ18)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选茎秆抗折力强、综合农艺性状好的抗茎倒小麦种质材料,为黄淮麦区南片抗茎倒小麦品种选育提供亲本材料;比较强弱茎秆抗折力材料的主要形态特性,为抗茎倒小麦品种相关基因挖掘和调控机制解析确定研究指标。【方法】收集黄淮麦区南片主要小麦育种单位的优异种质资源,按照株高介于0.60~0.90 m、开花期和成熟期与本麦区主推品种郑麦1860相差≤2 d的标准,从中选取406份小麦种质资源作为试验材料。在开花期和花后30 d利用茎秆强度测定仪对试验材料的茎秆抗折力进行测定,调查试验材料田间倒伏情况,在灌浆期和成熟期调查各材料的株高、穗长、产量三要素等主要农艺性状;并制作茎秆横截面切片,测定强、弱茎秆抗折力种质材料基部第2节间的直径、厚度等形态结构指标。【结果】多因素方差分析结果表明,茎秆抗折力在种质间、年份间及种质与年份的互作上均表现出极显著差异(P<0.01,下同)。试验材料开花期的茎秆抗折力平均为10.730 N,变幅为2.178~23.539 N,介于10~15 N的材料最多,占50.99%;花后30 d的茎秆抗折力平均为5.454 N,变幅为1.313~18.130 N,介于5~10 N的材料最多,占51.72%。在开花期和花后30 d分别鉴定到34和15份茎秆抗折力较强的种质材料,综合分析这些材料的主要农艺性状,筛选到20份茎秆抗折力较强且综合农艺性状优良的小麦种质,其中平麦189、濮麦1128、郑麦1860等3份材料表现最突出。相关分析结果表明,茎秆壁厚度、大维管束数量和薄壁组织细胞层数与茎秆抗折力呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著正相关,节间长度和小维管束数量与茎秆抗折力无显著相关性(P>0.05)。【结论】茎秆抗折力是反映小麦抗茎倒能力的重要指标,平麦189、濮麦1128、郑麦1860等3份材料可作为重点亲本用于抗茎倒小麦品种的选育。在黄淮麦区南片小麦种质中,茎秆壁厚度、大维�【Objective】The purpose of the study was to screen wheat germplasm materials with strong stem lodging re‐sistance and sound comprehensive agronomic traits,to provide parental materials for the selection of stem lodging resis‐tance wheat varieties in the southern part of the Huanghuai wheat region,to compare the main morphological characteris‐tics of the materials with strong and weak stem lodging resistance,and to determine the research indexes for the excava‐tion of genes related to stem lodging resistance varieties and the analysis of the regulatory mechanism.【Method】The ex‐cellent germplasm resources of major wheat breeding institutions in the southern part of Huanghuai wheat region were col‐lected.A total of 406 wheat germplasm materials were selected as experimental materials according to the criteria of plant height between 0.60 and 0.90 m,and the difference of anthesis and maturity stage≤2 d compared with Zhengmai 1860,the main variety promoted in this wheat region.The stem bending resistance of the test materials was measured by the stem strength tester,and the field lodging situation of the test materials was investigated at anthesis and 30 d after anthe‐sis.The main agronomic traits such as plant height,spike length and yield were investigated at filling stage and maturity stage.The morphological structure indexes such as diameter and thickness of the second basal internode of the germplasm material with strong and weak stem bending resistance were also determined by making cross-sectional slices of the stem.【Result】The results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that there were extremely significant differences in stem bending resistance among germplasms,years and interactions between germplasm and years(P<0.01,the same below).At anthesis,the stem bending resistance of the test materials was 10.730 N on average,with a variation range of 2.178-23.539 N,and the materials between 10 and 15 N were the most numerous,accounting for 50.99%.At 30 d after anthe‐sis,the stem

关 键 词：小麦 茎倒伏 抗折力 形态特征 相关分析 

分 类 号：S332.7[农业科学—作物遗传育种]