战后日本的“昭和陆军”研究  

Postwar Studies in Japan on“The Japanese Army during the Showa Period”

作　　者：祁建民[1] Qi Jianmin

机构地区：[1]日本长崎县立大学

出　　处：《日本侵华南京大屠杀研究》2024年第1期20-30,140,141,共13页Journal of Japanese Invasion of China and Nanjing Massacre

摘　　要：“昭和陆军”是日本发动侵略战争的主要推手.战后日本无论是官方战史编纂还是旧军人总结,以及学术界研究,多将日本失败原因归结于“昭和陆军”,并围绕失败本质,从国家战略及军队体制、军队社会史和将校培养等方面进行诸多研究.从研究的总趋势来看,由追究军部的战争失败责任,转向对于战前军队体制和军政关系的实证研究;由将“昭和陆军”视为一种异质的特殊存在,转变为从战前社会历史发展整体脉络中分析其出现的必然性;由对于军队组织体制的制度性研究,转为对于军人行为和思想意识的人性研究.不过这种研究的基本目的还是为日本方面总结经验教训.虽然有些学者已注意到日军对于亚洲国家的伤害问题,但总的来看,对于日军在亚洲太平洋战争中犯下的大量暴行与“昭和陆军”本质上的内在关系依然关注不够、研究未深.“The Japanese Army during the Showa Period”was the main driving force in the Japanese Aggressive War.After the war,whether it was the compilation of the official war history,veterans retrospect or the academic research in Japan,Japan s failure was mostly attributed to“the Japanese Army during the Showa Period”,and studies were carried out around the essence of the failure,including national strategy,military system,military social history and the training of high-ranking officers.In terms of the general research trend,there has been a shift from focusing on the Japanese military accountability for the failure to the empirical research on the prewar military system and civil-military relations;From viewing the“Japanese Army during the Showa Period”as a special heterogeneous existence to analyzing its inevitability from the overall prewar social and historical development;From the institutional research on military organizational systems to the study of human nature regarding the military behavior and ideological consciousness.However,the basic purpose for this research is still to summarize experiences and lessons from the Japanese side.Although some scholars have noticed the harm inflicted by the Japanese military to Asian countries,insufficient attention is paid to the inherent relationship between the massive atrocities committed by the Japanese army during the Asia Pacific War and“The Japanese Army during the Showa Period”.

关 键 词：日本 昭和陆军 军队体制 军队社会史 将校培养 

分 类 号：E313[军事—军事理论] D731.3[政治法律—政治学]