绸缪束楚,三星在户:《夏小正》岁首星象考  

A Study on the Astrology of the Beginning of a Year in Xia Xiao Zheng

作　　者：刘宗迪 宋亚 LIU Zongdi;SONG Ya

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学文学院,北京100083

出　　处：《民俗研究》2024年第2期80-89,159,共11页Folklore Studies

摘　　要：历法的发展历程,最早是物候历,其次是观象授时的星象历,最后才有基于天文观测而推算确立的成熟历法。物候历时期,根据特定物候现象确定新年的日期;星象历时期,则根据特定星象的出现确定新年的日期。《夏小正》反映了中国古代历法从物候历到星象历的过渡,它记载一月星象“初昏参中”,表明当时是以参宿昏中为岁首星象,作为新年到来的标志。甲骨学研究证明,商代历法是以大火星黄昏南中天的夏历五月作为正月,夏主参星、商主大火的传说即反映了夏人以参星昏中为岁首星象、商人以大火昏中为岁首星象的纪时传统。The development of calendars commenced with the phenological calendar based on observing natural phenomena,followed by the star calendar which calculated time through observing celestial bodies,and finally,the mature calendars were established through astronomical observations.During the early period of the phenological calendar,specific natural events were used to determine the timing of the New Year.Subsequently,during the star calendar period,time was calculated based on stellar appearances.Xia Xiao Zheng represents a transitional stage from the phenological calendar to star calendar in ancient China.It documents an astronomical phenomenon known as“the early Twilight and the middle Shen”,which refers to Orion(known as Shen in ancient China)visible in southern China according to traditional Chinese astronomy,indicating its use as a marker for determining the first day or month of the New Year.Oracle bone research confirms that during the Shang Dynasty,May in accordance with the Xia calendar served as their first month.Therefore,legends that the main star in Xia sacrifice is Orion as well as its in Shang is Antares reflect traditions where people from Xia regarded Shen in southern China's sky as marking the beginning of their year,while those from Shang considered Antares in southern China's sky as the symbol of their year's commencement.

关 键 词：夏小正 岁首 参宿 历法 

分 类 号：K22[历史地理—历史学] P194[历史地理—中国史]