美国Hmong人老兵公民身份和权益争取的历程  

The Process of Fighting for Citizenship and Rights by the Hmong Veterans in the United States

作　　者：张晓 彭涛[2] Xiao Zhang;Tao Peng

机构地区：[1]广州美术学院视觉文化中心,广州510006 [2]厦门大学社会与人类学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《世界民族》2024年第1期114-126,共13页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“世界苗学通史”(15ZDB113)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：美国Hmong人是生活在美国的一个特殊移民群体,主要来自老挝。在越南战争期间,部分老挝Hmong人被迫卷入了美国在老挝操纵的隐蔽行动“秘密战争”,以至沦落成为战争难民。这个后果是美国造成的,但是美国政府并没有承担起全部责任,而是任由Hmong人难民背井离乡在美国以及其他西方国家艰难生存。饱受战争创伤的Hmong人难民再次接受命运的挑战,迎着巨大的文化冲突,努力适应和融入美国社会,并奋力争取他们赖以立足发展的公民身份和权益。本文论述了美国Hmong人老兵在初步站稳脚跟之后,如何凭借其曾经在老挝“秘密战争”中服务于美国的经历作为资本和策略,分“获取公民身份”和“获取美国军人待遇”两个阶段,向美国政府争取其公民身份和权益的艰难历程。最后,对整个过程中Hmong人老兵与美国政府的双方互动,以及Hmong人老兵的认同建构和美国政府的接纳模式做了讨论。The Hmong are a special group of immigrants living in the United States,mainly from Laos.During the Vietnam War,some Laotian Hmong were forced into the“secret war”,a covert operation operated by the United States in Laos,and became war refugees.The United States is held accountable for this situation,but the US government failed to take full responsibility,leaving the Hmong refugees to survive in hardship in the United States and other Western countries.Once again,the war-scarred Hmong refugees have to face the challenge of fate,struggle to adapt and integrate into American society amid huge cultural clashes,and fight for citizenship and rights essential for their survival and development.This article discusses how the Hmong veterans in the United States,after initially gaining a firm foothold,used their experience of serving the US in the“secret war”in Laos as capital and strategy to fight for their citizenship and rights with the US government in two stages:to“attain citizenship”and to“obtain US veteran benefits”.Finally,the article elaborates on the interaction and identity construction between the Hmong veterans and the US government throughout this difficult process.

关 键 词：美国Hmong人老兵 公民身份 权益 争取历程 

分 类 号：C95[社会学—民族学]