美国与印度发展战略伙伴关系的起点和轨迹  

The Beginning and Trajectory of U.S.-India Strategic Cooperation

作　　者：周琪[1,2] Zhou Qi

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院美国研究所 [2]中国人民大学全球治理与发展研究院

出　　处：《美国研究》2024年第1期22-54,6,共34页The Chinese Journal of American Studies

基　　金：中国社会科学院2022~2024年三年期的“‘登峰战略’、资深学科带头人资助计划”项目承担人成果之一。

摘　　要：2023年美印关系的新发展引人注目。美印之间的战略伙伴关系始于小布什政府。冷战的结束和苏联的解体在很大程度上改变了冷战时期的国家联盟结构,消除了美印之间发展关系的结构性障碍。2006年《美印民用核能合作协议》的签署和执行,使印度成为到那时为止美国奉行了近30年的核不扩散规则的例外,从而消除了美国改善同印度关系的关键性障碍。与其他国家的双边关系形成对比的是,美国同印度关系的发展从一开始就以战略伙伴关系为核心,其主要动机是平衡中国未来的力量。经过奥巴马政府和特朗普政府时期,美印在防务、科技和贸易等方面的关系日益紧密。奥巴马任期结束时,美国已将印度定义为“主要防务伙伴”,使印度在防务上可以与美国最亲密的盟友平起平坐。到拜登政府时期,印度在美国的“印太战略”中占据了重要位置,拜登政府把美印关系视为“21世纪具有决定性意义的关系之一”,宣称21世纪世界面临的挑战和机遇要求美印共同努力并发挥领导作用。近年来,美印两国的科技合作尤为引人注目,各种科技合作项目令人目不暇接。美印之间战略伙伴关系的发展轨迹显示出,美印关系的好坏在很大程度上与中美关系呈反比;美印的接近是双方相向而行的结果,共同的战略利益推动两国不断走近。The new developments in U.S.-India relations in 2023 are remarkable.The strategic partnership between the United States and India began under the George W.Bush administration.The end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union to a large extent changed the structure of the alliance among the states during the Cold War,and removed structural obstacles to the development of relations between the United States and India.With making India an exception to the nuclear nonproliferation rule that had been upheld by the U.S.for nearly 30 years by then,the signing and implementation of the U.S.-India Civil Nuclear Cooperation Agreement in 2006 removed the key obstacle to the improvement of U.S.-India relations.In contrast to the bilateral relationship between other countries,the development of the United States relationship with India has from the very beginning been centered on a strategic partnership,with the main motivation being to balance China's future power.Through the Obama and Trump administrations,U.S.-India ties have grown closer in dimensions such as defense,technology,and trade.By the end of Obama's term,India had been designated as a"major defense partner,"putting India on an equal position with America's closest defense allies.By the time of the Biden administration,India had gained an important position in the U.S.Indo-Pacific strategy,and the Biden administration regarded the U.S.-India relationship as"one of the defining relationships of the 21st century."In recent years,scientific and technological cooperation has played an important role in the development of bilateral relations.The trajectory of the development of the strategic partnership between the U.S.and India shows that the quality of U.S.-India relations is largely inversely proportional to that of U.S.-China relations;the closeness between the U.S.and India is the result of both sides'efforts to move toward each other,and common strategic interests have driven the two countries continuously closer.

关 键 词：美国军事与外交 美印关系 美印防务合作 美印科技合作 

分 类 号：D871.2[政治法律—政治学] D835.1[政治法律—外交学]