数值模拟超高密度热流下红外窗口材料的受热冲击  

Numerical Study of Thermal Shock on Several Infrared Materials for Window Application Under Superhigh Thermal Flux Condition

作　　者：杨国健 孙鹏 王跃忠 李莎莎 朱彤 彭志勇[2] 廉伟艳[2] 杨国永 杨科 宋惠 刘华松[2] 江南 YANG Guojian;SUN Peng;WANG Yuezhong;LI Shasha;ZHU Tong;PENG Zhiyong;LIAN Weiyan;YANG Guoyong;YANG Ke;SONG Hui;LIU Huasong;JIANG Nan(Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies,Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Ningbo 315201,Zhejiang,China;Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optical Thin Films,Tianjin Jinhang Technical Physics Institute,Tianjin 300192,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所,中国科学院海洋新材料与应用技术重点实验室,浙江宁波315201 [2]天津津航技术物理研究所,天津市薄膜光学重点实验室,天津300192

出　　处：《硅酸盐学报》2024年第3期862-873,共12页Journal of The Chinese Ceramic Society

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61975150);宁波市甬江引才青年创新人才计划(2021A-108-G);宁波市科技攻关重大专项(20211ZDYF020196);中科院青年基金(JCPYJJ-22030)。

摘　　要：超高速飞行器光电探测技术对红外窗口材料提出了苛刻要求,通过数值模拟,研究了超高密度热流(3~8 MW/m^(2)、时间5 s)作用下,尺寸为φ50 mm×2 mm的蓝宝石、硫化锌(ZnS)及金刚石3种红外窗口材料在倾斜角10°~90°极端工况下的表面温度、热应力及其分布,并比较了有、无制冷的影响。系统分析了在面临超高密度热流时,红外窗口材料的使役性能,以及对材料的性能要求,并比较了3种材料的差别。结果表明,与金刚石相比,蓝宝石、ZnS等传统红外材料由于导热性能相对较差,受热冲击时热量在短时间内来不及疏散,导致窗口温度过高或热应力过高而失效。无论有无制冷,从驻点温度方面进行分析,蓝宝石小于ZnS;从热应力来看,蓝宝石大于ZnS。由于它们的热导率低[<30 W/(m·℃)],并不非常适用于超高热流环境,制冷反而可能带来更高的失效风险。金刚石由于超高的热导率[约为2 000 W/(m·℃)],窗口温度相对更低、热应力更小且分布更均匀,极大减轻了窗口失效风险,且制冷条件下其优势十分明显,能够满足8 MW/m^(2)超高密度热流极端工况要求。相关研究可为新一代超高速飞行器红外窗口的设计、选材及应用提供了参考。Introduction The development of infrared imaging detection technology for new generation of ultra-high-speed vehicles has put forward harsh requirements for infrared windows.For ultra-low altitude(e.g.,sea level)to perform ultra-high-speed flight mission,the surface of its infrared window is usually accompanied by ultra-high density heat flow.In the high-speed flight environment,the force and thermal environment introduced by the aerodynamic effect on the surface of infrared window materials is complicated,and the related engineering experiment testing costs are extremely high.Finite element simulation can predict the phenomena of window warming and thermal stress failure caused by aerodynamic effect to a certain extent,which can provide important information in engineering or applications.In this paper,two conventional commonly used infrared window materials(i.e.,hexagonal single-crystal sapphire and cubic ZnS)with a low thermal conductivity were selected to compare with cubic diamond infrared window materials with a high thermal conductivity.The numerical simulations of the window temperatures,thermal stresses and their distributions were carried out under the action of ultra-high-density heat flow,and the results were compared with and without the cooling medium.This work could provide a theoretical reference for the design,selection and application of infrared windows of the new-generation ultra-high-speed vehicles.Materials and method In this work,numerical simulations(Finite Element Analysis,FEA)of stagnation temperatures and thermal stresses were carried out on some infrared materials(i.e.,sapphire,ZnS and diamond)with a size ofφ50 mm×2 mm for window application when facing ultra-high heat flux(3–8 MW/m^(2))for 5 s at an angle range of 10°–90°with and without constant temperature circulating coolant.The service performance of the infrared materials as well as the property requirements of windows in environments with ultra-high heat flux,were analyzed.A contrast of the infrared materials between sap

关 键 词：数值仿真 红外窗口材料 超高速飞行器 热流 金刚石 

分 类 号：TK123[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]