生态文明视域下自然保护地法治体系的完善  

The Improvement of the Rule of Law of Natural Protected Areas from the Perspective of Ecological Civilization

作　　者：于文轩[1] 冯瀚元 YU Wen-xuan;FENG Han-yuan(Civil,Commercial and Economic Law School,China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院,100088

出　　处：《城市与环境研究》2024年第1期41-51,共11页Urban and Environmental Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“我国生物安全法治保障体系研究”(批准号:20&ZD174)。

摘　　要：生态文明视域下自然保护地法治体系的完善应以生态整体主义理念和生态空间治理范式为理论基础,在内容上包括静态维度的法律体系和动态维度的治理体系。自然保护地法律体系应建基于宪法价值秩序和权利义务规范,采取“综合法+单行法”的立法模式。自然保护地法的基本原则体系包括生态优先原则、风险预防原则、受益者补偿原则、整体治理原则、共同治理原则。分区管控和生态保护红线是自然保护地核心法律制度,应明确纳入生态保护红线的自然保护地类型,实现两项法律制度的有机结合。自然保护地治理体系应采取政府主导、原住居民主体、企业参与的多元共治模式,在管理体制方面建立跨部门和跨区域协作机制,注重原住居民权利保障,在明确行政执法优先的基础上建立自然保护地行政执法与司法的协作机制,实现自然保护地法治的有效实施。The improvement of the rule of law of natural protected areas from the perspective of ecological civilization is based on the idea of ecological holism and ecological spatial governance paradigm,and includes the legal system from static dimension and the governance system from dynamic dimension.The legal system of natural protected areas should base on the order of constitutional values and norms of rights and obligations,and adopt the legislation model of"comprehensive law+slip laws".The fundamental principle system of natural protected areas law include ecological priority principle,precautionary principle,beneficiary compensation principle,holistic governance principle and co-governance principle.Zoning control and ecological protection red line are the core legal institutions of natural protected areas,and the types of natural protected areas should be clearly included in the ecological protection red line to realize the organic combination of the two legal institutions.The governance system of natural protected areas should adopt a pluralistic co-governance model led by the government,with sufficient regards to the indigenous residents and the participation of enterprises,establish a cross-departmental and cross-regional cooperation mechanism,pay attention to the protection of indigenous residents'rights,and establish a cooperation mechanism between administrative law enforcement and justice in natural protected areas on the basis of clarifying the priority of administrative law enforcement,so as to realize the effective implementation of the rule of law of natural protected areas.

关 键 词：生态文明 自然保护地法治 生态整体主义 生态空间治理 多元共治 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]