被执行人异议之诉的实践检视与制度完善  

A Practical Examination and Institutional Improvement of the Defendant's Objection to Execution

作　　者：王启辉 Wang Qihui

机构地区：[1]河海大学法学院,南京211100

出　　处：《南京社会科学》2024年第3期89-99,共11页Nanjing Journal of Social Sciences

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费项目“科技伦理治理体系的法治化研究”(B230207007)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：《民事强制执行法(草案)》新设了被执行人异议之诉,为债务人主张执行名义所载请求权与债权人实体法上的权利状况不符,提供了审判程序保障。被执行人异议之诉应属于消极确认之诉,其基本逻辑是基于法定的异议事由,否定执行依据所载请求权,从而排除执行力。但是,就目前的制度规范看,正在建立的被执行人异议之诉制度在诉讼请求、异议事由、起诉时间等方面存在缺憾,应当以实质性地解决争议、保障起诉权为目标进一步完善,增设诉讼请求以消极确认执行依据所载请求权,贯彻既判力以科学配置异议事由范围和除斥效力规则,聚焦执行力以合理设定起诉时间和管辖。The amendment of the Civil Procedure Law on Compulsory Enforcement(Draft)has introduced the Defendant's Objection to Execution,aiming at providing judicial procedural safeguards for debtors to claim discrepancies between the requested rights stated in the enforcement basis and the substantive legal rights of the creditor.The Defendant's Objection to Execution shall be considered as an action for negative confirmation,the basic logic of which is based on statutory grounds for objection,denying the requested rights stated in the enforcement basis,thereby excluding its enforceability.However,based on the existing institutional framework,the emerging Defendant's Objection to Execution reveals deficiencies in terms of claims,grounds of objection,and timing for initiating litigation.The system requires further improvement to substantively resolve disputes and safeguard the right to initiate litigation.This includes procedures for adding claims for negative confirmation of the rights stated in the enforcement basis,implementing the principle of res judicata to scientifically define the scope of objection grounds and exclusionary rules,and focusing on enforceability by reasonably scheduling litigation initiation and jurisdiction.

关 键 词：请求权 执行力 不予执行 起诉权 

分 类 号：D90[政治法律—法学理论]