新石器时代晚期淮河下游地区的生业经济——以江苏省泗洪县赵庄遗址人和动物骨的稳定同位素分析为例  

SUBSISTENCE ECONOMY IN THE LOWER REACHES OF HUAI RIVER DURING THE LATE NEOLITHIC AGE:BASED ON THE STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSIS OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL BONES FROM THE ZHAOZHUANG SITE IN SIHONG COUNTY,JIANGSU PROVINCE

作　　者：张春超 甘恢元 张国文 ZHANG Chunchao;GAN Huiyuan;ZHANG Guowen(Department of Archaeology and Museology,Faculty of History,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350;Jiangsu Provincial Institute of Cultural Heritage and Archaeology,Nanjing 210005,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院考古学与博物馆学系,天津300350 [2]江苏省文物考古研究院,江苏南京210005

出　　处：《第四纪研究》2024年第2期499-511,共13页Quaternary Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“兴化蒋庄遗址发掘资料整理与综合研究”(批准号:20&ZD252);国家自然科学基金青年项目“淮河中下游地区距今8500~7000年先民和动物食物结构及生存环境的稳定同位素分析”(批准号:41503003)共同资助。

摘　　要：淮河下游地区地处中国南北交界地带,是研究史前农业演进与文化交流的关键区域。本研究通过对江苏泗洪赵庄遗址(33°34′13″N, 118°9′53″E)出土的23例人骨和45例动物骨骼进行C、 N、 O稳定同位素分析,揭示了大汶口文化晚期赵庄先民的食物结构及生业经济面貌。有效同位素数据结果显示,鹿(δ13Cco:-19.5‰,δ15N:6.4‰, n=1;δ13Cap:-8.3‰±1.2‰, n=4)的食物来源主要为C3植物,说明当地野生植被主要为C_(3)类植物。猪(δ13Cco:-14.5‰,δ15N:7.7‰, n=1;δ13Cap:-10.4‰±1.6‰, n=10)、狗(δ13C_(co):-14.3‰±0.2‰,δ15N:8.2‰±0.9‰, n=2;δ13C_(ap):-11.9‰±1.7‰, n=3)和牛(δ13C_(co):-13.3‰,δ15N:5.3‰, n=1;δ13C_(ap):-8.6‰±1.0‰, n=5)等家养动物的食物结构呈现出C3/C4混合的特征,应食用了一定数量的粟、黍及其副产品。先民的δ13Cco值(-19.2‰±0.5‰, n=4)较低,表明其蛋白质摄入以C_(3)类食物为主;δ13C_(ap)值(-9.7‰±1.5‰, n=17)显示出C_(3)/C_(4)混合的能量来源,表明先民还食用了相当数量的C_(4)食物,这可能来源于当时的粟作农业及家畜饲养业。先民的营养级(δ15N:11.9‰±1.8‰, n=4)较高,应摄入了大量的动物蛋白资源,家猪应是其重要的肉食来源,同时先民也可能兼营渔猎。先民的δ18O值存在差异,NKU777和NKU784两个体δ18O值(-11.8‰、-11.4‰)明显低于其他先民(δ18O:-8.5‰±1.2‰, n=15),结合食谱分析推测他们生前来自不同地域。通过对比分析赵庄及周边遗址的食物结构和生业经济,认为粟作农业和稻作农业均对赵庄先民的生计方式产生了重要影响,新石器时代晚期淮河下游地区可能形成了稻粟混作的农业种植体系。本研究全面分析了淮河下游地区古人的食谱结构,对深入探讨该区域史前人类的生计方式具有借鉴意义。The lower Huai River region,located at the confluence of North and South China,is crucial for understanding the evolution of prehistoric agriculture and cultural exchange.In this study,we conducted stable isotope analysis(carbon,nitrogen,and oxygen)on collagen and bioapatite of 23 human bones and 45 animal bones selected from the Zhaozhuang site(33°34′13″N,118°9′53″E)in Sihong County,Jiangsu Province.This analysis provided insights into the dietary structure and subsistence economy of the late Dawenkou Culture in Zhaozhuang.Effective stable isotope data showed that deers(δ13 C_(co):-19.5‰,δ15 N:6.4‰,n=1;δ13 C_(ap):-8.3‰±1.2‰,n=4)primarily consumed C 3 plants,indicating that a predominance composed of C 3 plants in the local wild vegetation.Domestic animals,including pigs(δ13 C_(co):-14.5‰,δ15 N:7.7‰,n=1;δ13 C_(ap):-10.4‰±1.6‰,n=10),dogs(δ13 C_(co):-14.3‰±0.2‰,δ15 N:8.2‰±0.9‰,n=2;δ13 C_(ap):-11.9‰±1.7‰,n=3),and bovines(δ13 C co:-13.3‰,δ15 N:5.3‰,n=1;δ13 C_(ap):-8.6‰±1.0‰,n=5)all had mixed C 3/C 4 food structures,implying that they were supplemented with millet and/or its by-products.The lowerδ13 C_(co) values of humans(-19.2‰±0.5‰,n=4)revealed that majority of their protein intake derived from C_(3) sources.Theδ13 C_(ap) values(-9.7‰±1.5‰,n=17)demonstrated a mixed energy source of both C_(3) and C_(4) foods,suggesting that ancestors also consumed a considerable amount of C 4 foods,which could be attributed to the millet cultivation and livestock farming.Humans occupied a higher trophic level(δ15 N:11.9‰±1.8‰,n=4)and consumed a substantial quantity of animal protein resources,with domestic pigs being a major meat source.Additionally,it is likely that the ancestors also engaged in fishing and hunting.The variation observed inδ18 O values among the ancestors indicated that they lived in various ecological environments.Notably,individuals NKU777(δ18 O:-11.8‰)and NKU784(δ18 O:-11.4‰)exhibited significantly lower values compared to

关 键 词：赵庄遗址 骨胶原 羟磷灰石 稳定同位素分析 生业经济 生存环境 

分 类 号：K871.13[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] K878[历史地理—历史学] P597.2[天文地球—地球化学]