电弧加工关键技术与展望  

Key Technology and Prospect of Electro-arc Machining

作　　者：钟紫鹏 张利峰 苏国康 陈航 李俊飞 ZHONG Zipeng;ZHANG Lifeng;SU Guokang;CHEN Hang;LI Junfei(Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Nontraditional Machining and Equipment,School of Electromechanical Engineering,Guangdong University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;Inner Mongolia North Heavy Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Baotou 014033,China)

机构地区：[1]广东工业大学机电工程学院,广州市非传统制造技术及装备重点实验室,广东广州510006 [2]内蒙古北方重工业集团有限公司,内蒙古包头014033

出　　处：《电加工与模具》2024年第S01期6-17,共12页Electromachining & Mould

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52375417)。

摘　　要：作为放电加工的重要分支,电弧加工的加工效率是电火花加工的数倍到数百倍,具有不受材料强度和硬度影响等特点,非常适合航空航天领域中难切削材料的加工。但电弧加工存在放电状态控制难度大、加工表面质量不高、刀具损耗严重、加工精度较低等问题。对此,从断弧方法、提高表面质量与电极损耗补偿三方面综述分析,总结了脉冲断弧、机械断弧、流体断弧、复合断弧等多种断弧机制;从加工参数、电极参数、复合加工等方面归纳了提高表面质量的方法;列举了神经网络预测等多种电极补偿措施;对电弧加工技术发展提出展望。As a crucial branch of discharge machining,electro-arc machining(EAM)technology exhibits processing efficiency several to hundreds of times higher than that of electrical discharge machining(EDM).EAM is particularly well-suited for aerospace applications involving the machining of challenging materials,as it remains unaffected by material strength and hardness.Nonetheless,EAM encounters several issues,including difficulties in controlling the discharge state,poor surface quality,significant tool wear,and limited machining precision.In addressing these challenges,this paper conducts a comprehensive analysis from three perspectivesarc-breaking mechanism,enhancement of surface quality,and tool wear compensation.Multiple arc-breaking mechanisms-comprising pulse arc-breaking,mechanical arc-breaking,hydrodynamic arc-breaking,and hybrid arc-breaking-are summarized.Techniques for improving surface quality,encompassing adjustments to machining parameters,cathode parameters,and the incorporation of hybrid processing,are categorized.Furthermore,diverse cathode compensation measures,such as neural network prediction,are outlined.Lastly,this paper provides a prospective outlook,aiming to furnishing theoretical guidance to surmount the obstacles associated with EAM.

关 键 词：电弧加工 高效率加工 断弧机制 表面质量 电极损耗补偿 

分 类 号：TG661[金属学及工艺—金属切削加工及机床]