铅冶炼渣基生态胶凝材料的研发及重金属固化  

Development and Heavy Metal Solidification of Lead Smelting Slag-based Ecological Cementitious Materials

作　　者：刘文欢[1,2] 胡静 赵忠忠 杜任豪 万永峰 雷繁 李辉 LIU Wenhuan;HU Jing;ZHAO Zhongzhong;DU Renhao;WAN Yongfeng;LEI Fan;LI Hui(College of Materials Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology,Xi’an 710055,China;Ecological Cement Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education,Xi’an 710055,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学材料科学与工程学院,西安710055 [2]教育部生态水泥工程研究中心,西安710055

出　　处：《材料导报》2024年第6期139-146,共8页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFC1903804,2021YFB3802003)。

摘　　要：铅冶炼渣(LSS)是一种含有重金属(Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As和Pb)的危险废物,其不当处置会对生态系统造成不可挽回的危害。本工作采用化灰渣(LAS)、水氯镁石(BF)、矿粉(SP)及适量水泥(CM)协同激发铅冶炼渣制备生态胶凝材料。通过正交试验得到胶凝材料的最优配比,阐述了不同因素对生态胶凝材料抗压强度的影响;采用XRD、SEM、FTIR、硫酸和硝酸法等方法分析了胶凝材料水化产物的特性及重金属浸出规律。研究结果表明:当铅冶炼渣和水泥的质量比为3∶1,化灰渣、水氯镁石、矿粉的外掺量分别为铅冶炼渣和水泥质量总量的20%、10%、10%时,制备出的生态胶凝材料抗压强度最优,28 d抗压强度达到40.9 MPa,且矿粉掺量为影响其抗压强度的第一要素。微观分析表明,胶凝材料的水化产物主要为弗里德尔盐、方解石、C-S-H和C-A-S-H,它们相互连接形成致密的空间网络结构,这不但有助于提高胶凝材料的力学性能,还能实现对重金属元素的物理固封和离子交换吸附固化。胶凝材料对主要重金属的胶结固化率大于83%,重金属浸出液浓度符合生活饮用水卫生标准(GB5749-2006)的要求。Lead smelting slag(LSS)is a hazardous waste containing heavy metals(Cr,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,and Pb),and its improper disposal can cause irreversible harm to the ecosystem.In this study,the ecological cementitious materials were prepared by using lime ash slag(LAS),bischofite(BF),slag powder(SP)and proper amount of cement(CM)co-excited LSS.The ideal cementitious material ratio was discovered through orthogonal tests,and the effects of various variables on the compressive strength of ecological cementitious materials were discussed.XRD,SEM,FTIR,and the sulfuric acid nitrate method were used to examine the properties of the cementitious materials’hydration products as well as the leaching law of heavy metals.The results show that when the mass ratio of LSS to cement is 3∶1,and the external admixture of lime ash slag,bischofite and mineral powder is 20%,10%and 10%of the sum of the mass of LSS and cement respectively,the compressive strength of the prepared ecological cementitious material is optimal,and the 28 d compressive strength reaches 40.9 MPa,and the admixture of mineral powder is the first factor affecting its compressive strength.Microscopic analysis shows that the hydration products of the cementitious material are mainly Friedel’s salt,calcite,C-S-H and C/M-A-S-H,which are interlinked to form a dense spatial network structure,which help to improve the mechanical properties of the cementitious material.The cementation solidification ratio of the cementitious material for the main heavy metals is greater than 83%,and the leaching solution concentration of heavy metals meets the requirements of the sanitary standard for domestic drinking water(GB5749-2006).

关 键 词：铅冶炼渣 生态胶凝材料 抗压强度 水化产物 重金属 浸出液浓度 

分 类 号：TU526[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]