唐代宫廷乐器“太一”“天宝乐”考  

A Study on the Court Musical Instruments"Taiyi"and"Tianbaoyue"in the Tang Dynasty

作　　者：庞媛月 Pang Yuanyue

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨音乐学院

出　　处：《中国音乐》2024年第2期60-68,共9页Chinese Music

摘　　要：“太一”与“天宝乐”皆为唐代乐器大发展背景下乐器改造与新制的产物,最初作为物质交往工具出现于唐代宫廷,后又被纳入宫廷音乐系统发挥其用。板箱式乐器“太一”极有可能是由一弦琴发展而来,其产生、命名和使用皆与神学概念的“太一”关系密切,主要用于雅乐宫县乐队发挥礼仪功能。任偃所作“天宝乐”和我国古代典籍中记载的竹筒鼓皆属管形琴系统乐器,在器物纹饰、乐器造型等方面蕴含着深厚的佛教文化内涵。该乐器曾以燕乐乐器的身份活跃于唐代宫廷,兼具礼仪性与娱乐性之双重属性。受乐器身份的特殊性、同类型乐器的使用情况等多种因素的影响,“太一”和“天宝乐”在我国古代宫廷的使用与流传范围不广,在宋及以后的历史记载中不见新踪。Taivi and Tianhaoyue are the outcomes of musical instrument transformation and new production during the significant development of musical instruments in the Tang Dynasty.Originating as tools of material exchange,they first appeared in the court of the Tang Dynasty and were later integrated into the court music system to fulfll their roles.Taiyi,a plate-box musical instrument,likely evolved from Yixianqin.Its production,naming,and use are intricately linked to the theological concept of"Taiyi"and are primarily employed in the Ceremonial Music band.Tianbaoyue,crafted by Ren Yan,and the bamboo drum documented in ancient Chinese classics belong to the tubular instrument system.They carry profound Buddhist cultural connotations in terms of instrument decoration and shape.Active in the court of the Tang Dynasty as a Yan-yue instrument,Tianbaoyue possesses dual attributes of etiquette and entertainment.Due to the unique identity of these instruments,the influence of similar instruments,and other factors,the use and dissemination of Taiyi and Tianbaoyue in the ancient Chinese court were limited.There are no new traces of their existence in the historical records of the Song Dynasty and later periods.

关 键 词：一弦琴 管形琴 太一神 佛教经幢 雅乐 

分 类 号：J632[艺术—音乐] J609.2