船用一体化生物活性炭装置运行效能及微生物群落结构分析  

Analysis of Operational Efficiency and Microbial Community Structure of Marine Integrated Biological Activated Carbon Plant

作　　者：顾超超 沈波[1] 薛凯元 韩振波 GU Chaochao;SHEN Bo;XUE Kaiyuan;HAN Zhenbo(China Shipbuilding NDRI Engineering Co.,Ltd,Shanghai 200090,China)

机构地区：[1]中船第九设计研究院工程有限公司,上海200090

出　　处：《水处理技术》2024年第4期83-86,共4页Technology of Water Treatment

基　　金：工信部课题“高技术船舶科研项目——新型船用生活污水处理装置研制”。

摘　　要：船用一体化生物活性炭装置兼具活性炭和生物膜法的优势。通过35 d的挂膜驯化,装置的COD去除率逐步趋于稳定,表明挂膜成功。扫描电镜实验表明,活性炭表面孔隙丰富,为微生物膜附着提供了场所,生物活性炭的表面覆盖了一层含有大量菌胶团的生物膜。装置在较优工况条件下连续运行,污染物去除效能稳定,其中COD去除率为73%~78%,氨氮去除率为19%~35%。通过定期反冲洗,更新生物膜,利于装置稳定运行。高通量测序结果表明,经过挂膜驯化后,生物活性炭中Proteobacteria和Nitrospirae的相对丰度提高显著。由于生物活性炭具备独特的结构,能较好聚集硝化螺旋菌和反硝化细菌,保证装置污染物去除效能维持稳定。The marine integrated bioactive carbon plant combines the advantages of both activated carbon and biofilm processes.The COD removal rate of the plant was gradually stabilized after 35 days of membrane domestication,indicating that the success of membrane attachment.Scanning electron microscope(SEM)experiments showed that the surface of activated carbon was prolific in pores,which provided a place for microbial film attachment.The surface of biological activated carbon(BAC)was covered with a biofilm containing a large number of bacterial micelles.The removal efficiency of pollutants was stable when the plant running under better working conditions,in which the removal rate of COD was 73%~78%and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 19%~35%.The biofilm was renewed through regular back-washing,which was beneficial to the stable operation of the plant.The high-throughput sequencing results showed that the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Nitrospirae in the bioactivated carbon increased significantly after the domestication of the hanging membrane.Due to the unique structure of the bioactivated carbon,it could better gather nitrifying spiral bacteria and denitrifying bacteria,which ensured the pollutant removal efficiency of the device to maintain stability.

关 键 词：生物活性炭 生物膜 污染物去除效能 微生物群落 

分 类 号：X736.3[环境科学与工程—环境工程]