抚仙湖北岸生态调蓄带工程入湖污染物减排效益核算  

Estimation of the benefit of reducing pollutants into lake for the ecological storage zone project in the north shore of Fuxian Lake Basin

作　　者：马巍[1] 李必琼 杨凡 徐志雄 陈晶 罗跃辉 MA Wei;LI Biqiong;YANG Fan;XU Zhixiong;CHEN Jing;LUO Yuehui(Department of Water Ecological Environment,CIWHR,Beijing 100038;Yunnan Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Survey Design Institute Co.,LTD,Kunming 650021;Chengjiang Water Resources Bureau of Yunnan Province,Chengjiang,652599)

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100038 [2]云南省水利水电勘测设计院有限公司,昆明650021 [3]云南省澄江市水利局,澄江652599

出　　处：《中国水利水电科学研究院学报（中英文）》2024年第2期129-137,148,共10页Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U2202207)。

摘　　要：抚仙湖属珠江流域西江水系的源头型深水湖泊,湖岸陡峭,岸滩不发育,湖泊生态系统十分脆弱,水质一旦被污染将很难恢复。近年来受流域内人类活动强度持续加剧与全球气候变化的双重驱动影响,抚仙湖水位持续降低、河湖水污染问题日益突出,湖泊水质保护问题迫在眉睫,因此,2017年针对入湖污染负荷占比最大且农田面源污染问题最为突出的抚仙湖北岸片区实施了集截污、调蓄、水质净化、水资源回用、清水置换、湿地补水建设于一体的抚仙湖北岸生态调蓄带工程,并将1179.09亩农田改建为调蓄带湿地。从实施效果来看,调蓄带工程2018—2021年期间减少的TN、TP入湖负荷量分别为245.84 t、28.99 t,调蓄带对抚仙湖北岸片区农田面源负荷削减率均超过81%;从生态调蓄带入湖污染物减排效益贡献大小来看,土地利用方式变化>湿地水质净化>湖滨湿地补水>水资源回用>清洁水资源置换;从调蓄带入湖污染物减排效益持续提升来看,水资源回用和清洁水资源替换潜力有待进一步挖掘和提升。Fuxian Lake,a source-type deep-water lake,belongs to the Xijiang River system of the Pearl River Basin.Characterized by its steep shores and undeveloped shoreline,the lake’s ecosystem is very fragile and susceptible to irreversible water quality pollution.The intensity of human activities in the basin,compounded by the impacts of global climate change,have led to a continual decline in Fuxian Lake’s water levels and escalating pollution.To address this urgent issue,a comprehensive project was implemented in 2017 in the Fuxian Lake North Shore Area,focusing on the most significant pollution sources and farmland surface pollution problems.This project incorporated sewage interception,storage,water purification,water reuse,clear water replacement,wetland replenishment in one of the Fuxian Lake’s North Shore ecological storage belt project,as well as 1179.09 acres of farmland-to-storage-belt-wetland conversion.The implementation effect is notable.Between 2018 and 2021,the storage belt project contributed to a significant reduction in TN and TP load into the lake,with the reduction amounting to 245.84 t and 28.99 t,respectively.This means an over 81%reduction of surface load from farmland on the lake’s north shore.When evaluating the contribution of pollutant emission reduction benefits,the hierarchy is as follows:land use change>wetland water purification>lakeshore wetland recharge>water reuse>clean water replacement>wetland recharge of water resources.While the storage belt has continually improved the benefit of pollutant reduction,there is still a need to further explore and enhance the potential of water resource reuse and clean water resource replacement to achieve a more sustainable and resilient ecosystem for the Fuxian Lake.

关 键 词：农田面源污染 入湖污染物 减排效益 生态调蓄带 抚仙湖 

分 类 号：TV213[水利工程—水文学及水资源]