城市洪涝治理与韧性城市建设:变革、创新与启示  

Urban flood control and resilient city construction:transformation,innovation,and reflections

作　　者：徐宗学[1,2] 廖如婷 舒心怡 Xu Zongxue;Liao Ruting;Shu Xinyi

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学水科学研究院,北京100875 [2]城市水循环与海绵城市技术北京市重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《中国水利》2024年第5期17-23,共7页China Water Resources

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(52239003)。

摘　　要：我国城市洪涝治理经历了从工程措施到工程与非工程措施并举,从洪涝分治到洪涝统筹,从城市局部治理到流域系统治理的重大转变。特别是海绵城市和韧性城市理念的引入,显著提升了城市洪涝治理水平,促进了城市可持续发展。经过多年探索与实践,我国在技术应用、政策管理、公众与社会参与等方面取得了显著进展,城市洪涝模拟与风险评估取得重要成果,监测感知系统日趋完善,预报预警技术取得突破,应用场景更加广泛;跨部门协作与联动机制、政府与社会资本合作模式的提出,高效信息传播机制和公众参与程度的加强,均显著增强了城市应对洪涝灾害的能力,为防洪减灾工作提供了有力支撑。借助北斗卫星、激光雷达、物联网、人工智能、大数据等先进技术,我国持续推进数字孪生流域、国家水网与区域水网建设,为洪涝治理和水利高质量发展提供了重要支撑。今后,城市洪涝治理将继续朝着系统化、智能化、生态化方向发展,面对新时代的机遇与挑战,应结合海绵城市与韧性城市建设,坚持系统治理、坚守底线思维、坚持创新发展,通过全局性谋划和整体性推动,不断提升水旱灾害防御水平和水安全保障能力。Urban flood control in China has shifted from a focus on structural measures to a balanced integration of structural and non-structural approaches,from isolated flood and waterlogging management to integrated strategies,and from localized urban interventions to basin-wide governance.The introduction of sponge city and resilient city has notably enhanced urban flood control and facilitated sustainable urban development.Following years of exploration and practice,China has achieved progress in technology application,policy formulation,and public engagement,particularly in urban flood simulation and risk assessment.With the improvement of monitoring and perception systems,breakthroughs have been made in forecasting and early warning technologies,expanding the scope of their application.Mechanisms for interdepartmental collaboration and coordination,as well as public-private partnerships,have bolstered cities’resilience to floods,providing foundation for flood control and disaster mitigation efforts.Leveraging advanced technologies such as the Beidou Navigation Satellite System,LiDAR,Internet of Things,artificial intelligence,and big data,China is advancing digital twin basins and national/regional water networks,supporting flood control and ensuring high-quality water resource management.Looking ahead,urban flood control will continue to evolve towards a more systematic,intelligent,and ecologically-oriented approach.Embracing the opportunities and challenges of the new era,and integrating sponge city initiatives with resilient city development,we advocate for systematic governance,a focus on bottom-line thinking,and a commitment to innovative approaches.Through comprehensive planning and concerted efforts,we aim to enhance our capacity to prevent flood and drought disasters and ensure water security.

关 键 词：城市洪涝 韧性城市 洪涝统筹 综合治理 智慧水利 

分 类 号：TV87[水利工程—水利水电工程]