中俄边境地区外贸企业资本分布的影响因素及尺度效应  

Influencing Factors and Scale Effects of Foreign Trade Enterprises'Capital Distribution:A Case Study from China-Russia Border Regions

作　　者：李雨欣 张平宇[1,2] 杨奇峰 初楠臣 LI Yuxin;ZHANG Pingyu;YANG Qifeng;CHU Nanchen(Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,Jilin,China;College of Resources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Geographical Sciences,Harbin Normal University,Harbin 150025,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130102 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院,北京100049 [3]哈尔滨师范大学地理科学学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《经济地理》2024年第2期102-111,共10页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42071162、42101165);国家科技基础资源调查专项课题(2017FY101303-1);黑龙江省哲学社会科学研究规划项目(21JLC201)。

摘　　要：文章以中国东北的中俄边境地区为案例区域,基于县域单元从微观视角刻画了外贸企业资本分布的时空演变特征,并构建空间计量模型、MGWR模型重点探讨了不同因素对外贸企业资本分布的作用程度及尺度效应。结果表明:①2011—2021年中俄边境地区外贸企业的资本规模呈现先快速增长后缓慢下降的变化趋势。其中批发零售企业和制造企业的资本规模始终最高,但在俄远东地区市场环境的冲击下,二者增长率自2015年开始逐渐下滑。②外贸企业的资本规模在2011—2021年呈现整体集聚、局部扩散的演变格局,并表现出多核心的结构形态。其中批发零售企业的路径依赖特征显著,呈现极化发展的沿边分布模式;制造企业则不断向内陆地区扩张,形成“沿边—腹地”产业协同态势。③从“全球—地方”视角来看,边境地区对国际地缘形势、国内开放政策和地区发展禀赋高度敏感。其中与外贸企业活力直接相关的微观变量作用尺度更小,与企业所处经济环境相关的宏观变量作用尺度更大。④不同类型企业资本布局具有独特的区位、政策和环境偏好。其中批发零售企业具有较强的市场敏感性和资本活跃性,因此企业资本根植于地区开放程度、市场潜力以及融资能力;制造企业的资本分布受产业集聚和制度性力量的驱动,工业基础、第二产业及交通条件的影响十分显著。This paper takes the China-Russia border regions in northeast China as study area,depicts the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of foreign trade enterprises'capital scale from the micro perspective based on countylevel scale,and explores on the mechanism and scale effect of different influencing factors on the foreign trade enterprises using the spatial econometric model and the MGWR model.The results show that:1)From 2011 to 2021,the capital scale of foreign trade enterprises in China-Russia border regions showed a trend of rapid growth at first and then slow decline.Among them,wholesale and retail enterprises and manufacturing enterprises have always had the highest capital scale,but their growth rates have been declining since 2015 due to the market environment in the Russian Far East.2)The capital scale of foreign trade enterprises showed the evolution pattern of overall agglomeration and local diffusion in 2011-2021,and revealed the multi-core structure.The path dependence characteristics of wholesale and retail enterprises were remarkable,showing a polarized distribution pattern along the border.Manufacturing enterprises continue to expand to inland areas,forming a"border-hinterland"industrial synergy.3)From the perspective of"global-local",border regions are highly sensitive to the international situation,domestic policy and regional development.The influencing factors have obvious scale effect on the capital distribution of foreign trade enterprises,among which the micro-variables directly related to the vitality of foreign trade enterprises have smaller scale,and the macro-variables related to the economic environment have larger scale.4)The capital distribution of different enterprises has unique location,policy and environmental preferences.Wholesale and retail enterprises have strong market sensitivity and capital activity,so the capital layout is rooted in regional openness,market potential and financing ability.The capital distribution of manufacturing enterprises is driven by industria

关 键 词：外贸企业 资本分布 尺度效应 MGWR模型 中俄边境 

分 类 号：F129.9[经济管理—世界经济]