棉隆土壤消毒联合种植密度防除油菜田杂草及对作物产量和田间光照的影响  

Effect of dazomet soil disinfestation combined with planting density on weed control,light intensity and yield in rape field

作　　者：朱文达[1] 颜冬冬[2] 刘晓洪[1] 李林[1] 曹坳程[2] ZHU Wenda;YAN Dongdong;LIU Xiaohong;LI Lin;CAO Aocheng(Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院,武汉430064 [2]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193

出　　处：《植物保护》2024年第2期361-365,共5页Plant Protection

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1701200)。

摘　　要：在农田杂草的治理中,结合农艺措施来治理草害的发生,可有效减少化学除草剂的使用,实现草害的综合治理。本文采用田间试验研究了棉隆土壤消毒联合油菜不同种植密度对油菜田主要杂草野燕麦Avena fatua、苦苣菜Sonchus oleraceus的防除效果,及杂草对氮、磷、钾及水分消耗的影响。结果表明,土壤消毒联合种植密度对油菜田杂草防除效果显著,对野燕麦、苦苣菜均有良好防效,总鲜重防效达到89.8%~100.0%。采取防除措施后,杂草对田间氮、磷、钾和水分的消耗量减少85%以上,有效改善了田间的水肥和光照条件。土壤消毒联合种植密度不同处理的油菜籽产量达到3155.0~4920.5 kg/hm^(2),增产效果显著,产量较未消毒土壤区增加13.3%~76.8%,增收1857.3~10684.8元/hm^(2)。研究表明采用土壤消毒结合种植密度对油菜田杂草具有很好的控制效果,适度增加油菜种植密度既能保证对杂草防效,同时也能保证产量。Pesticide combined with agronomic practices to control weed can effectively reduce the use of chemical herbicides and realize the integrated management of weed.The objective of our research is to evaluate the effect of soil disinfestation combined planting density on weed control in rape field,and the impact on nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and water consumption after weed control.The results indicated that the efficacy of weed control was remarkable by soil disinfestation combined with planting density in rape field.The control efficacy on Avena fatua and Sonchus oleraceus was ranged from 89.8% to 100.0%.After weed control,the consumption of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and water of weeds in the field was reduced by more than 85%,and the water,nutrients conditions and light intensity in the field were effectively improved.The rapeseed yield was ranged 3155.0 to 4920.5 kg/hm^(2) after treatment with soil disinfestation combined with planting density,which increased by 13.3%-76.8% compared to untreated control.Moreover,the yield income increased by 1857.3-10684.8 Yuan/hm^(2).Our research shows that soil disinfestation combined with planting density has good control effect on weeds in rape field,and moderately increasing the planting density of rape can not only ensure the prevention of weeds,but also ensure the rape yield.

关 键 词：棉隆 种植密度 杂草防效 养分 油菜籽产量 

分 类 号：S482.6[农业科学—农药学]