植保无人飞机低容量喷洒15%苯甲·吡唑酯微乳剂对3种苹果叶部病害的防效评价  

Evaluation of control effect of low-volume spraying of difenoconazole·pyraclostrobin 15% ME on three apple leaf diseases by plant protection unmanned aircraft vehicle

作　　者：柳建伟 赵智慧 李金峰 魏江文 李青梅 史广亮 梁冰 胡珍娣 LIU Jianwei;ZHAO Zhihui;LI Jinfeng;WEI Jiangwen;LI Qingmei;SHI Guangliang;LIANG Bing;HU Zhendi(Pingliang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Gansu,Pingliang 744000,China;Nanjing Shansi Ecological Technology Limited Company,Nanjing 210012,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省平凉市农业科学院,平凉744000 [2]南京善思生态科技有限公司,南京210012

出　　处：《植物保护》2024年第2期366-372,共7页Plant Protection

基　　金：平凉市科技计划(平科任[2021]23号);江苏省重点研发计划(现代农业)(BE2021303)。

摘　　要：为明确纳米杀菌剂的减量增效作用,本研究采用2种喷施方法,以水敏纸为雾滴沉积指示剂,分析植保无人飞机和背负式电动喷雾器喷施15%苯甲·吡唑酯微乳剂(ME)和25%苯甲·吡唑酯悬浮剂(SC)两种不同剂型杀菌剂的雾滴密度及雾滴覆盖率,调查并计算苹果病叶率、病情指数、防治效果和综合效益。结果表明,植保无人飞机飞行高度影响雾滴密度和覆盖率,纳米农药15%苯甲·吡唑酯ME的雾滴密度和覆盖率与25%苯甲·吡唑酯悬浮剂(SC)的雾滴密度和覆盖率有差异。各杀菌剂处理对苹果锈病的防效最好,防治效果均在97%以上,对苹果黑星病的防治效果次之,末次药后15 d的防治效果均在90%以上,对苹果斑点落叶病有效,末次药后15 d的防治效果均在50%以上。植保无人飞机喷施纳米杀菌剂15%苯甲·吡唑酯ME在防治成本、时效性和节能上均明显优于背负式电动喷雾器。因此,采用植保无人飞机喷施纳米杀菌剂15%苯甲·吡唑酯ME可有效防治苹果黑星病和苹果锈病,同时实现杀菌剂减量,综合效益较高。To clarify the effect of nanofugicide difenoconazole·pyraclostrobin 15% ME,two kinds of spraying methods were adopted in this test,with water sensitive paper as an indicator of droplet deposition.The droplet density and droplet coverage rate of different fungicides sprayed by plant protection UAV and backpack electric sprayer were analyzed.Diseased leaf rate,disease index,control effect and overall benefit were investigated.The results showed that the flight height of plant protection UAV affected droplet deposition density and coverage.Droplet density and coverage of difenoconazole·pyraclostrobin 15% ME were different from those of difenoconazole·pyraclostrobin 25% SC.Every treatment had the best control effect on apple rust,with the efficacy above 97%.Control efficacy were above 90% on apple scab 15 days after treatment,but only 50% on apple Alternaria blotch.The control cost,timeliness and energy saving of difenoconazole·pyraclostrobin 15% ME sprayed by plant protection UAV were significantly better than those of backpack electric sprayer.Therefore,application of difenoconazole·pyraclostrobin 15% ME by plant protection UAV can control apple scab and apple rust effectively and achieve the reduction of fungicide,with high overall benefit.

关 键 词：纳米杀菌剂 苹果病害 雾滴分析 防治效果 综合效益 

分 类 号：S494[农业科学—植物保护]