2022年夏秋季鄱阳湖流域气象要素异常特征及干旱演变  

Characteristics of Climate Element Anomalies and Drought Evolution in Poyang Lake Basin in Summer and Autumn of 2022

作　　者：胡菊芳[1] 董保华 占龙飞 辛佳洁 罗少华[1] Hu Jufang;Dong Baohua;Zhan Longfei;Xin Jiajie;Luo Shaohua(Jiangxi Provincial Climate Center,Nanchang 330096,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省气候中心,江西南昌330096

出　　处：《气象与减灾研究》2023年第4期260-268,共9页Meteorology and Disaster Reduction Research

基　　金：江西省科技厅“科技+应急”联合计划项目(编号:S2023KJSLG0003);江西省气象局重点项目(编号:JX2023Z09);江西省气象局指导性科研计划项目(编号:ZDX2021004).

摘　　要：2022年夏秋季鄱阳湖流域发生了历史罕见的气象干旱事件,科学分析此次干旱过程气象要素特征和干旱发展演变对开展干旱预报预警以及防旱抗旱具有重要意义。利用鄱阳湖流域内87个国家站1961—2022年的逐日降水量、气温和蒸发资料,应用本地化的综合气象干旱指数,分析此次干旱过程的主要气象要素异常特征和气象干旱发展演变。结果表明:2022年夏秋季,鄱阳湖流域及其五大支流平均降水量为1961年以来同期最少;平均气温和高温日数为同期新高或次高,多站极端最高气温创新高;各流域蒸发量远远大于降水量,且秋季降水蒸发差大于夏季;流域各地出现了夏秋连旱,且秋旱重于伏旱,其中9—10月全流域出现重旱或特旱。In the summer and autumn of 2022,a rare meteorological drought event occurred in the Poyang Lake Basin.Analysis of the meteorological element characteristics and drought development evolution of this drought process was significant for carrying out drought forecasting and early warning,as well as drought prevention and resistance.Based on the daily precipitation,temperature and evaporation data of 87 national stations within the Poyang Lake basin from 1961 to 2022,the anomalous characteristics of major meteorological elements and the development and evolution of meteorological drought were analyzed by using the localized composite meteorological drought index in this drought process.The results showed that the average precipitation in the Poyang Lake Basin and its five major tributaries in summer and autumn of 2022 was the lowest during the same period since 1961.The average temperature and the number of high temperature days reached a new high or the second highest during the same period,and many stations set a new record high for extreme maximum temperature.The evaporation in each river basin was much higher than the precipitation,and the difference between precipitation and evaporation in autumn was greater than that in summer.Drought occurred continuously in summer and autumn,with autumn drought being more severe than summer drought.From September to October,the whole river basin was hit by severe drought or extreme drought.

关 键 词：气象要素 干旱演变 夏秋季 鄱阳湖流域 

分 类 号：P463.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]