土层厚度与灌溉方式对寒地水稻节水生长及产量的影响  

Effects of soil thickness and water-saving irrigation method on growth and yield of rice in cold region

作　　者：卢程悦 曹志富 张万锋 辛海霞 杨树青[1] LU Chengyue;CAO Zhifu;ZHANGWanfeng;XIN Haixia;YANG Shuqing(Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,Hohhot 010018,China;Ulanhot Agricultural Science Bureau,Ulanhot 137400,China;Inner Mongolia Normal University,Hohhot 010018,China;Keyou Front Banner Agricultural Science and Technology Development Center,Ulanhot 137708,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特010018 [2]乌兰浩特市农科局,内蒙古乌兰浩特137400 [3]内蒙古师范大学,呼和浩特010018 [4]科右前旗农牧业科学技术发展中心,内蒙古乌兰浩特137708

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2024年第3期27-32,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52069023,52179037)。

摘　　要：【目的】探究不同土层厚度与灌溉方式对寒地水稻生长的影响。【方法】于2020年在兴安盟乌兰浩特市科右前旗袁隆平水稻试验基地开展水稻田间试验,试验设置15~20 cm(H1)、20~25 cm(H2)和25~30 cm(H3)3种土层厚度,设置控制灌溉(K)、常规灌溉(CK)2种灌溉方式,共计6个处理,探究不同土层厚度与灌溉方式对寒地水稻生长的影响。【结果】K处理下的水稻株高相比CK矮,根长、茎粗、每穴有效穗数、千粒质量及产量相比CK均有不同程度的增加,H2和H3土层厚度下的水稻产量相比H1增加30.49%~32.91%和63.74%~76.33%,K处理下的总灌水量相比CK减少55.04%~56.84%,K处理下的灌溉水生产率相比CK增加1.55~1.86倍,H2和H3土层厚度下的水稻灌溉水生产率相比H1增加35.61%~38.62%和73.07%~94.14%。【结论】25~30 cm土层厚度下采用控制灌溉的水稻节水增产效果最优,适宜当地水稻种植,研究结果可为寒地水稻种植提供理论依据与技术参考。【Objective】This paper is to explore the effect of different soil thickness and irrigation methods on rice growth in cold region.【Method】In 2020,a rice water-saving experiment was carried out in Yuan Longping Rice test Base,Keyou Front Banner,Ulanhot City,Xingan League.The experiment consisted of three soil thickness treatments:15-20 cm(H1),20-25 cm(H2)and 25-30 cm(H3),and two irrigation treatments:controlled irrigation(K)and conventional irrigation(CK).In each treatment,we measured the growth and yield of the rice.【Result】The plant height in the K treatment was lower than that in the CK.Compared to CK,the K treatment increased root length,stem diameter,effective panicle number per hole,thousand grain weight and the rice yield.Compared to H1,H2 and H3 increased rice yield by 30.49%-32.91%and 63.74%-76.33%,respectively.Compared to CK,the K treatment reduced total irrigation amount by 55.04%-56.84%,and increased irrigation water productivity by 1.55 to 1.86 times.Compared to H1,H2 and H3 increased the irrigation water productivity by 35.61%to 38.62%and 73.07%to 94.14%,respectively.【Conclusion】Irrespective of the irrigation methods,varying soil thicknesses exerted distinct effects on plant height,root length,stem thickness,effective panicle count per hole,and rice yield.Implementing controlled irrigation alongside a soil thickness of 25-30 cm significantly enhanced rice growth,improved water use efficiency,and boosted rice yield.These findings offer valuable guidelines for rice cultivation in cold regions.

关 键 词：土层厚度 灌溉方式 寒地水稻 控制灌溉 产量 

分 类 号：S27[农业科学—农业水土工程]