蓖麻饼粕有机肥对花生产量及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of Organic Castor Meal Fertilizer on Peanut Yield and Soil Enzyme Activity

作　　者：李明静 罗蕊[1] 张驰 张智勇 户雪妹 顾晓慧 徐淑艳 黄凤兰[1,4] LI Ming-jing;LUO Rui;ZHANG Chi;ZHANG Zhi-yong;HU Xue-mei;GU Xiao-hui;XU Shu-yan;HUANG Feng-lan(College of Life Science and Food,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028000,PRC;Tongliao Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Science Research Institute,Tongliao 028000,PRC;Aohan Banner Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center,Chifeng 024000,PRC;Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding of National Ethnic Affairs Commission,Key Laboratory of Castor Breeding and Comprehensive Utilization of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Castor Industry Technology Innovation,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Engineering Research Center of Castor Industry in Colleges and Universities,Tongliao 028000,PRC)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学生命科学与食品学院,内蒙古通辽028000 [2]通辽市农牧科学研究所,内蒙古通辽028000 [3]敖汉旗农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古赤峰024000 [4]蓖麻育种国家民委重点实验室,内蒙古自治区蓖麻育种与综合利用重点实验室,蓖麻产业技术创新内蒙古自治区工程研究中心,内蒙古自治区高校蓖麻产业工程技术研究中心,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2024年第2期36-41,共6页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31860071);教育部新农科研究与改革实践项目(2020114);内蒙古自然科学基金面上项目(2021MS03008);内蒙古自治区草原英才创新团队——蓖麻分子育种研究创新人才团队滚动支持计划(2022);2021年度国家民委高等教育教学改革研究项目(21082);内蒙古民族大学2022年度自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(237);内蒙古民族大学2023年度自治区直属高校基本科研业务费项目(225,227,243,244);内蒙古自治区蓖麻产业协同创新中心开放基金项目(MDK2021011,MDK2022014);2023年内蒙古自治区蓖麻育种与综合利用重点实验室建设项目(202301—202512)。

摘　　要：为探究不同施肥水平下蓖麻饼粕肥对花生产量及土壤酶活性的影响,明确蓖麻饼粕肥的最佳施肥量,以四粒红为试验品种,设置不施肥(CK)、施化肥(HF1、HF2、HF3,施用量分别为175、350和700 kg/hm^(2))、施蓖麻饼粕有机肥(BM1、BM2、BM3,施用量分别为2500、5000和10000 kg/hm^(2)),共7个施肥处理,比较各处理对花生产量及土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明:与CK相比,BM2、BM3处理增产0.35%~0.67%;HF1、HF2、HF3处理增产了1.55%~4.44%;BM1处理的花生产量最高,达到了440.22 kg/667m^(2),较CK处理增产46.67%;此外,BM1处理的单株饱果数、百果重、百仁重均高于其他施肥处理。在幼苗期时,BM3处理的过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、淀粉酶、纤维素酶、蛋白酶和脱氢酶活性均显著低于CK处理,而在收获期时,BM3处理的6种酶活性显著高于其他施肥处理。因此,BM3处理的土壤酶活性较CK处理变化效果最明显。综上所述,蓖麻饼粕有机肥2500 kg/hm^(2)处理能够使花生增产,提高经济效益,而蓖麻饼粕有机肥10000 kg/hm^(2)处理对土壤酶活性的改善效果最明显。In order to investigate the effect of castor meal fertilizer on peanut yield and soil enzyme activity under different fertilization levels and clarify the optimal fertilization amount of castor meal fertilizer,the Silihong was used as the test variety.Seven fertilization treatment groups were set up,namely,no fertilization(CK),fertilizer(HF1,HF2,and HF3 of 175,350,and 700kg/hm^(2)),and organic castor meal fertilizer(BM1,BM2,and BM3 of 2 500,5 000,and 10 000 kg/hm^(2)),so as to compare the effect of each treatment on peanut yield and soil enzyme activity.The results show that compared with CK,the BM2 and BM3 treatments increase yields by 0.35%–0.67%;the HF1,HF2,and HF3treatments increase yields by 1.55%–4.44%;the peanut yield of the BM1 treatment is the highest,reaching 440.22 kg/667m^(2),which is an increase of 46.67%compared with that of the CK treatment.Moreover,the number of full fruits,100-fruit weight,and 100-kernel weight of the single plant with the BM1 treatment are all higher than those with other fertilization treatments.At the seedling stage,the activities of catalase,polyphenol oxidase,amylase,cellulase,protease,and dehydrogenase in the BM3treatment are significantly lower than those in the CK treatment,while at the harvesting stage,the activities of the six enzymes in the BM3 treatment are significantly higher than those in other fertilization treatments.Therefore,the BM3 treatment has the most significant effect of changing soil enzyme activities compared with the CK treatment.In summary,the organic castor meal fertilizer of 2 500 kg/hm^(2) can increase peanut yield and improve economic benefits,the organic castor meal fertilizer of 10 000 kg/hm^(2) has the most obvious improvement effect on soil enzyme activities.

关 键 词：蓖麻饼粕有机肥 花生 产量 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S141.5[农业科学—肥料学] S565.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]