前交叉韧带断裂及重建术后步态生物力学特征研究现状  

Research Status of Gait Biomechanical Characteristics after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Rupture and Reconstruction

作　　者：陆逸群 吴悦 刘振龙[1] 任爽[1] LU Yiqun;WU Yue;LIU Zhenlong;REN Shuang(Department of Sports Medicine,Peking University Third Hospital,Institute of Sports Medicine of Peking University,Beijing Key Laboratory of Sports Injuries,Engineering Research Center of Sports Trauma Treatment Technology and Devices(MOE),Beijing 100191;Tianjin University of Sport,Tianjin 301617)

机构地区：[1]北京大学第三医院运动医学科,北京大学运动医学研究所,运动医学关节伤病北京市重点实验室,运动创伤治疗技术与器械教育部工程研究中心,北京100191 [2]天津体育学院,天津301617

出　　处：《北京大学学报（自然科学版）》2024年第2期377-392,共16页Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis

基　　金：北京大学第三医院海淀创新转化专项科创研发项目(HDCXZHKC2022219);北京大学第三医院临床重点项目(BYSY2022058)资助。

摘　　要：对前交叉韧带(ACL)断裂及重建术后躯干、髋、膝和踝关节在不同运动平面的步态生物力学特征及康复治疗措施的研究现状进行综述,得到如下结论。ACL断裂及重建术后各关节步态的生物力学出现异常,其中膝关节步态生物力学异常在3个运动平面均有体现,踝关节的异常集中在矢状面,髋关节及躯干的异常多见于冠状面。根据各关节生物力学特征及ACL断裂和术后时期的不同,需制定针对性且长期的康复治疗方案;目前常规的康复训练不能完全恢复ACL断裂重建患者的正常步态,还需加入神经肌肉控制训练和躯干-髋-膝-踝的整体康复训练。The gait biomechanical characteristics and rehabilitation treatment measures of trunk,hip,knee and ankle in different moving planes after anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)fracture and reconstruction were reviewed.The results showed that after ACL fracture and reconstruction,the gait biomechanical abnormalities were found in all joints,and the knee joint biomechanical abnormalities were manifested in all three motion planes;the ankle joint abnormalities were mainly concentrated in the sagittal plane.The hip joint and trunk abnormalities were more common in the coronal plane.It is suggested to make targeted and long-term rehabilitation treatment plan according to the biomechanical characteristics of each joint and the different ACL fracture and postoperative period.At present,conventional rehabilitation training can not completely restore the normal gait after ACL fracture and reconstruction.Neuromuscular control training and holistic rehabilitation training of trunk,hip,knee and ankle should be added.

关 键 词：前交叉韧带(ACL) 步态 生物力学 康复训练 

分 类 号：R687.4[医药卫生—骨科学] R318.01[医药卫生—外科学]